Occupations of the Negroes - Henry Gannett

Male and Female Wage-Earners.

It will be interesting to analyze these figures further. The following table classifies negro wage-earners by occupation and by sex, giving for each sex the percentage engaged in each group of occupations:

	Male.	Female.
Professions	1.2	0.9
Agriculture	63.4	44.0
Trade and transportation	6.8	0.2
Manufactures	7.0	2.8
Personal service	21.6	52.1

These figures are also illustrated by diagram No. 3, the area of which represents all negro wage-earners. The two rectangles into which it is divided represent the males and females; each of these is sub-divided into rectangles representing the number in each group of occupations. Of the male negro wage-earners, more than three-fifths were farmers and a little less than one-fourth were servants. The two classes jointly accounted for nearly 85 per cent. of all.

Of the females, considerably less than one-half were farmers and more than one-half were servants—the two classes together accounting for 95 per cent. of all. This large proportion of female negro farmers was doubtless made up in the main of women and female children employed in the cotton fields.

Number of Wage-Earners.

The following table, abstracted from the Census publications, shows the number of negroes in all occupations and in each of the five great groups of occupations by sex and by states and territories:

Classification of Negro Wage-earners by Sex and Occupation.
Diagram No. 3.

		All Occupations.		Agriculture, Fisheries, and Mining.		Professional Service.		Domestic and Personal Service.		Trade and Transportation.		Manufacturing and Mechanical Industries.
Negroes.

		Males.	Females.	Males.	Females.	Males.	Females.	Males.	Females.	Males.	Females.	Males.	Females.
The United States.		2,101,233	971,890	1,329,584	427,835	25,171	8,829	457,002	505,898	143,350	2,399	146,126	26,929
1.	Alabama	192,322	101,085	146,361	66,123	1,471	491	25,426	33,380	9,147	140	9,917	951
2.	Alaska
3.	Arizona	1,091	71	29		3		1,034	67	13		12	4
4.	Arkansas	86,861	30,115	68,219	19,069	1,226	238	11,226	10,506	2,787	27	3,403	275
5.	California	4,301	1,041	1,084	14	86	21	2,316	897	457	3	358	106
6.	Colorado	2,765	792	180	4	75	13	1,702	715	406	5	402	55
7.	Connecticut	4,064	1,964	879	1	61	10	1,925	1,781	634	7	565	165
8.	Delaware	9,334	3,016	4,157	34	97	32	3,631	2,878	633	21	816	51
9.	Dist. of Columbia	21,238	18,770	553	16	390	335	12,680	16,734	4,776	195	2,839	1,490
10.	Florida	46,302	19,071	23,690	7,629	776	223	13,229	10,421	4,106	52	4,501	746
11.	Georgia	246,913	122,352	172,496	54,073	2,122	958	39,294	65,025	16,397	372	16,604	1,924
12.	Idaho	83	23	16	1			57	21	8		2	1
13.	Illinois	19,270	4,713	4,323	134	486	116	10,865	4,061	1,994	41	1,602	361
14.	Indiana	14,648	4,210	3,273	37	330	126	7,950	3,849	1,426	23	1,669	175
15.	Iowa	3,615	730	973	11	78	11	1,966	672	289	1	309	35
16.	Kansas	13,889	3,400	4,171	110	357	69	6,898	3,077	1,148	20	1,315	124
17.	Kentucky	76,411	31,255	38,456	1,013	1,406	420	22,649	28,916	7,381	66	6,519	840
18.	Louisiana	159,180	83,978	111,820	49,428	1,251	355	31,609	31,292	6,045	129	8,455	2,774
19.	Maine	409	145	104	2	8	2	174	128	68	2	55	11
20.	Maryland	63,166	32,642	29,516	743	640	275	21,014	30,406	7,538	144	4,458	1,074
21.	Massachusetts	7,593	3,435	601	4	162	57	4,296	2,914	1,402	34	1,132	426
22.	Michigan	5,065	1,329	1,458	45	115	39	2,495	1,102	448	6	549	137
23.	Minnesota	1,719	383	72	2	57	13	1,286	315	216	5	88	48
24.	Mississippi	198,531	105,306	167,995	77,925	1,970	775	17,209	25,729	5,671	74	5,686	803
25.	Missouri	43,940	16,715	15,757	324	897	337	18,899	15,614	4,862	44	3,525	396
26.	Montana	971	140	41		25	4	815	122	45	1	45	13
27.	Nebraska	3,741	959	242	3	63	7	2,743	881	323	4	370	64
28.	Nevada	130	22	41	1			67	18	17	1	5	2
29.	New Hampshire	242	107	60		5		81	84	24		72	23
30.	New Jersey	16,143	7,738	4,166	29	287	82	7,715	7,339	2,111	25	1,864	263
31.	New Mexico	888	156	163	3	10		651	150	40		24	3
32.	New York	23,272	13,664	3,031	25	571	135	13,151	12,445	4,231	54	2,288	1,005
33.	North Carolina	148,370	68,220	106,493	33,796	1,619	565	20,580	31,393	7,564	106	12,114	2,360
34.	North Dakota	146	23	35		7		90	22	10		4	1
35.	Ohio	28,085	7,791	6,201	108	617	246	14,814	6,955	3,027	40	3,426	442
36.	Oklahoma	958	125	635	17	22	3	231	102	28	1	42	2
37.	Oregon	536	99	106	2	23	5	328	81	42	1	37	10
38.	Pennsylvania	37,534	15,704	4,602	29	584	197	22,505	14,297	5,213	104	4,630	1,077
39.	Rhode Island	2,337	1,362	270	2	38	18	1,161	1,169	546	3	322	170
40.	South Carolina	186,714	102,836	149,915	73,588	1,543	506	18,554	26,213	6,860	188	9,842	2,341
41.	South Dakota	284	43	33	1	1	2	115	35	121	1	14	4
42.	Tennessee	121,016	44,701	72,316	12,510	1,736	592	25,606	30,333	10,954	125	10,404	1,141
43.	Texas	123,395	46,691	85,824	20,758	2,031	563	23,360	24,840	6,386	69	5,794	461
44.	Utah	298	51	21		1		248	48	14	1	14	2
45.	Vermont	322	109	112	1	3		143	102	33		31	6
46.	Virginia	169,343	71,752	93,745	10,164	1,654	911	39,425	55,941	15,655	253	18,864	4,483
47.	Washington	902	153	250	2	16	2	480	134	69		87	15
48.	West Virginia	11,478	2,623	4,790	50	166	63	3,515	2,462	2,080	7	927	41
49.	Wisconsin	855	205	168	4	27	11	481	161	74	1	105	28
50.	Wyoming	563	75	141		58	1	313	71	31	3	20