Christianity, impetus given to the formation of civic institutions by, i. 121;
its beneficial effect upon the Normans, 136.
Church, wealth of the, under the empire, ii. 140;
its position after the irruption of the barbarians, 141;
source of its legitimate wealth, 142;
its religious extortions, 143;
privileges attached to its property, 144;
institution of tithes, 144-146 and notes;
liability of church property to spoliation, 146;
origin of precariæ, 147 note d;
extent of the church's landed possessions, 148 and note i;
its participation in the administration of justice, 149;
limitations interposed by Justinian, 150, 151;
its political influence, 152;
source thereof, 153;
its subjection to the state, ib.;
Charlemagne's edicts relative to its affairs, 154, 155, and notes;
its assumption of authority over the French kings, 156, 157;
obsequiousness of England to its pretensions, 158;
investiture of its bishops with their temporalities, 181;
their simoniacal practices, ib. and note q;
canons and chapters, 191;
liberties of the Gallican church, 256;
high church principles always dangerous, 257 note x;
privileges of sanctuary, iii. [302], [303].
See [Clergy], [Monasteries], [Papal Power].
Clan service not based on feudality, i. 187.
Clarence (duke of), put to death by Edward IV., iii. [199].
Clarendon, constitutions of, ii. 221;
their influence on Thomas à Becket's quarrel with Henry II., 223.
Cistertian monk, blasphemous saying attributed to a, i. 29 note t.
Cities. See [Municipal Institutions] and [Towns].
Civil Law. See [Laws].
Clement IV., effect of a bull promulgated by, ii. 215;
opposition of the Scotch king to his edict, 217.
Clement V. ratifies Robert's claim to the crown of Naples, i. 485;
his maxim relative to benefices, ii. 215;
he removes the papal court to Avignon, 233;
his contests with the emperor Louis, 234;
England remonstrates with him, 238, 239 notes;
his outrageous edict against Venice, 260.