Ferdinand IV. of Castile, prevalence of civil dissensions in the reign of, ii. 12, 13;
his gross violation of justice and remarkable death, 36.
Feudal system, rise of the, i. 145;
nature of alodial and salic lands, 147-149 and notes;
distinction of laws, 151;
origin of nobility, 157-159, 189;
fiscal lands or benefices, their nature, condition, and, extent, 159, 160;
introduction of subinfeudation, 161;
origin of feudal tenures, 163;
custom of personal commendation, 164;
its character, ib., 165;
edict of Conrad II., 166, 167, and notes;
principle of a feudal relation, 167;
rights and duties of vassals, ib.;
ceremonies of homage, fealty, and investiture, 169;
obligations of the vassal to his lord, 170;
military service, its conditions and extent, 171 and notes;
feudal incidents: origin of reliefs, 172, 173;
of fines on alienation, 174;
the custom of frérage in France, 176;
escheats and forfeitures, 177;
objects for which aids were levied, ib.;
limitations thereof by Magna Charta, 178;
institution of wardships, ib.;
their vexatious character in later times, 179;
extortionate and oppressive practices relative to marriages, 179, 180;
introduction of improper feuds, 181;
fiefs of office, their nature and variety, 181, 182 and notes;
feudal law-books, 182;
the Milanese collection, 183;
difference between that and the French and English systems, 183, 184;
the feudal system not of Roman origin, 185, 186;
localities over which it extended, 187, 188;
privileges of nobility, 191-194;
difference between a French roturier and an English commoner, 191 note p;
condition of the clergy, 195, 196;
of the classes below the gentry, 196;
assemblies of the barons, 219;
the cours plénières, 220, 248;
legislative and judicial assemblies [see [Legislation], [States-General], [Justice]];
decline of the feudal system, 249;
its causes: increase of the domains of the crown, 253, 254;
rise of the chartered towns, 255-261 [see [Towns]];
commutation of military service, 261 [see [Military Systems]];
decay of feudal principles, 268;
influence of feudalism upon the institutions of England and France, 269;
civil freedom promoted by it, 270;
its tendency to exalt warlike habits, 271;
its value as an element of discipline, ib.;
and as producing sentiments of loyalty, 272;
the mundium, 318 note;
essentials of the feudal system, 319;
its principles aristocratic and exclusive, 321;
Guizot's description of a feudal castle, 322;
laxity of feudal tenures in Italy, 365;
question of their existence in England prior to the Conquest, ii. 293-301;
feudalism under the Normans, 314;
innovation introduced by William I., 315;
difference between the feudal policy of England and France, 316, 318;
tenure of folcland and bocland, 406-410;
abuses of feudal rights, iii. [150].
Feuds, nature of, and derivation of the word, i. 316.
Fiefs. See [Benefices], [Feudal System].
Field of March (or Champ de Mars), origin of the assemblies so termed, i. 212, 213;
their character, 213, 214;
not attended by the Roman inhabitants of Gaul, 282;
how often held, 308.
Field Sports. See [Sports].
Fines, extent and singularity of, under the Anglo-Norman kings, ii. 320.
Fire-arms. See [Military Systems].
Fiscal lands. See [Benefices].
Flanders, fraudulent conduct of Philip IV. towards the count of, i. 44;
successful resistance of its people, ib.;
large capture of gilt spurs by them, ib. note a;
their commerce with England, 54;
their rebellion against count Louis, 66, 67 and notes;
their insubordination, 92;
their resistance to taxation, 93 and note;
their woollen manufacture, iii. [318], [319];
their settlement in England, [320] [note] h;
its policy relative thereto, [321] and [note] o.
See [Trade].