London Labour and the London Poor, Vol. 4

by Henry Mayhew

COUNTIES.	Dimensions.		Houses.						Population, 1851.					Density.
	Square Miles.	Statute Acres.	Number of Inhabited Houses.	Number of Uninhabited Houses.	Number of Houses Building.	Total Number of Houses, 1851.	Total Number of Houses, 1841.	Increase of Houses per cent., 1841-51.	Males.	Females.	Total Population, 1851.	Total Population, 1841.	Increase of Population per cent., 1841-51.	No. of Persons to each 100 acres.	No. of acres to each Person.	No. of acres to each House.	No. of Persons to each Inhabited House.
Bedford	465	297,632	25,694	676	126	26,496	22,877	15.8	62,420	67,369	129,789	112,378	16	43.5	2.3	11.2	5.1
Berks	741	473,920	39,462	1,563	211	41,236	39,660	4.0	99,227	99,927	199,154	189,227	5	41.7	2.4	11.5	5.0
Bucks	725	463,880	29,217	1,103	89	30,409	28,860	5.4	70,784	72,886	143,670	138,248	4	31.3	3.2	15.2	4.9
Cambridge	838	536,313	38,773	1,777	204	40,754	35,799	13.8	95,505	96,351	191,856	169,638	13	35.8	2.8	13.1	4.9
Chester	1014	649,050	79,849	4,248	756	84,853	75,103	13.0	206,715	216,723	423,438	368,115	15	65.2	1.5	7.6	5.3
Cornwall	1336	854,770	68,214	4,528	353	73,095	71,913	1.6	171,979	184,683	356,662	343,265	4	41.7	2.4	11.6	5.2
Cumberland	1515	969,490	36,771	1,531	238	38,540	37,160	3.7	96,106	99,381	195,487	177,807	10	20.0	5.0	25.1	5.3
Derby	1036	663,180	52,482	2,411	423	55,316	49,477	1.2	129,379	131,328	260,707	239,791	9	40.0	2.5	11.9	5.0
Devon	2557	1,636,450	99,104	6,016	765	105,885	102,424	3.4	271,579	300,628	572,207	534,883	6	34.5	2.9	15.4	5.7
Dorset	980	627,220	34,771	1,554	218	36,543	35,400	3.2	85,816	91,781	177,597	167,689	6	28.6	3.5	17.1	5.1
Durham	1062	679,530	68,989	3,030	595	72,614	61,940	17.2	206,666	204,866	411,532	325,854	26	62.5	1.6	9.3	5.9
Essex	1530	979,000	68,383	3,353	364	72,100	65,570	10.0	172,161	171,755	343,916	320,605	7	34.5	2.9	13.5	5.0
Gloucester	1235	790,470	78,385	4,961	393	83,739	79,953	4.7	198,122	221,353	419,475	395,533	6	53.0	1.9	9.4	5.3
Hereford	850	543,800	20,453	983	69	21,505	21,119	1.8	49,694	49,418	99,112	96,515	3	18.2	5.5	25.3	4.8
Hertford	626	400,350	33,954	1,189	214	35,357	32,687	8.2	86,331	87,632	173,963	162,394	7	43.5	2.3	11.3	5.1
Hunts	379	242,250	12,472	641	62	13,175	11,676	12.8	29,984	30,336	60,320	55,565	9	25.0	4.0	18.3	4.8
Kent	1519	972,240	108,386	5,516	1290	115,192	101,717	13.3	308,115	311,092	619,207	540,275	14	63.6	1.6	8.4	5.7
Lancaster	1746	1,117,260	356,436	17,453	3470	377,359	322,148	17.1	1,005,627	1,058,286	2,063,913	1,696,377	22	200.0	.5	2.9	5.8
Leicester	799	511,340	49,968	1,599	198	51,765	49,470	4.6	115,295	119,643	234,938	220,263	7	45.4	2.2	9.9	4.7
Lincoln	2600	1,663,850	79,667	3,394	579	83,640	74,138	12.8	201,027	199,239	400,266	356,226	12	23.8	4.2	19.9	5.0
Middlesex	280	179,590	242,798	12,213	3276	258,287	222,443	16.1	885,614	1,010,096	1,895,710	1,582,538	20	1059.0	.09	.7	7.9
Monmouth	507	324,310	32,901	1,473	183	34,557	30,099	4.8	92,095	85,070	177,165	150,544	17	55.5	1.8	9.3	5.4
Norfolk	2019	1,292,300	91,143	3,312	449	94,904	88,378	7.4	210,360	223,443	433,803	404,971	7	33.3	3.0	13.6	4.8
Northampton	1011	646,810	43,945	1,478	238	45,661	42,358	7.8	106,533	107,251	213,784	198,518	7	33.3	3.0	14.1	4.9
Northumberland	1821	1,165,430	47,509	2,060	384	49,953	55,337	10.8[95]	149,158	154,377	303,535	265,636	13	25.6	3.9	23.3	6.3
Nottingham	822	525,800	59,427	1,481	267	61,175	57,611	6.2	144,428	150,010	294,438	270,535	9	55.5	1.8	8.6	5.0
Oxford	730	467,230	34,922	1,323	105	36,350	34,151	6.4	85,449	84,837	170,286	163,216	4	37.0	2.7	12.8	4.9
Rutland	152	97,500	4,961	153	18	5,132	4,899	4.8	12,270	12,002	24,272	23,151	5	25.0	4.0	19.0	4.9
Salop	1351	864,360	48,842	2,184	112	51,138	50,131	2.0	122,022	122,997	245,019	241,685	1	28.6	3.5	16.9	5.0
Somerset	1606	1,028,090	87,776	5,090	396	93,252	90,947	2.6	216,716	239,521	456,237	448,793	2	43.5	2.3	11.0	5.2
Southampton	1591	1,018,550	74,588	3,471	617	78,676	69,807	12.7	199,834	202,199	402,033	348,298	13	38.4	2.6	12.9	5.3
Stafford	1150	736,290	120,501	4,526	962	125,989	107,941	16.7	320,394	310,112	630,506	528,867	20	83.3	1.2	5.8	5.2
Suffolk	1436	918,760	69,479	3,098	424	73,001	67,050	8.9	165,267	170,724	335,991	314,467	7	37.0	2.7	12.5	4.8
Surrey	741	474,480	109,453	5,717	1663	116,838	101,121	15.6	325,155	359,650	684,805	586,816	17	144.0	.7	4.0	6.3
Sussex	1419	907,920	59,308	2,220	609	62,137	58,506	6·2	166,828	172,600	339,428	302,081	12	37·0	2·7	14·6	5·7
Warwick	887	567,930	98,323	4,609	977	103,909	90,868	14·4	235,263	244,716	479,979	408,814	18	83·3	1·2	·54	4·9
Westmorland	759	485,990	11,247	530	94	11,871	11,783	0·8	29,064	29,316	58,380	56,609	3	12·0	8·3	40·9	5·2
Wilts	1356	8,060	49,061	2,223	171	51,455	49,918	3·1	118,839	122,164	241,003	242,772	0·7	27·7	3·6	16·8	4·9
Worcester	718	9,710	52,055	2,753	362	55,170	49,371	11·8	126,739	132,023	258,762	230,387	13	55·5	1·8	8·5	5·0
York	5733	3,669,510	358,694	16,469	3244	378,417	341,147	10·9	886,845	901,922	1,788,767	1,582,977	13	48·7	2·5	9·7	4·9
Travelling												5,016
North Wales	3194	2,044,160	83,091	3,720	522	87,333	85,847	8·5	200,538	203,622	404,160	388,106	4	19·	5·1	23·2	4·9
South Wales	4231	2,707,840	119,507	5,269	844	125,620	115,822	1·7	300,645	306,851	607,496	528,849	14	22·2	4·5	21·5	5·1
Total for England and Wales	57,067	36,522,615	3,280,961	152,898	26,534	3,460,393	3,144,626	10·0	8,762,588	9,160,180	17,922,768	15,804,294	13	49·7	2·0	10·5	5·5

LIST OF COUNTIES IN THE ORDER OF THE DENSITY OF THEIR POPULATION, AS SHOWN BY THE NUMBER OF PERSONS TO EVERY 100 ACRES.

Counties above the Average.

Middlesex	1059·0
Lancaster	200·0
Surrey	144·0
Stafford	83·3
York, West Riding	83·3
Chester	65·2
Kent	63·6
Durham	62·5
Worcester	55·5
Warwick	83·3
Nottingham	55·5
Monmouth	55·5
Gloucester	53·0
Average for England and Wales	49·7

Counties below the Average.

Leicester	45·4
Bedford	43·5
Hertford	43·5
Somerset	43·5
Berks	41·7
Cornwall	41·7
Derby	40·0
Southampton	38·4
Oxford	37·0
Suffolk	37·0
Sussex	37·0
Cambridge	35·8
Devon	34·5
Essex	34·5
Norfolk	33·3
Northampton	33·3
York, East Riding	33·3
Bucks	31·3
Dorset	28·6
Shropshire	28·6
Wilts	27·7
Northumberland	25·6
Huntingdon	25·0
Rutland	25·0
Lincoln	23·8
South Wales	22·2
Cumberland	20·0
North Wales	19·6
Hereford	18·2
York, North Riding	15·2
Westmorland	12·0

COMPARISON OF THE DENSITY OF THE POPULATION IN 1841 and 1851.

	1841.	1851.		1841.	1851.
Agricultural Counties.			Mining Counties.
Lincoln	21·7	23·8	Durham	47·6	62·5
Rutland	22·7	25·0	Cornwall	41·6	41·7
Huntingdon	25·0	25·0
Cambridge	30·3	35·8
Essex	35·7	34·5	Manufacturing and Sub-Mining Counties.
Sussex	32·2	37·0	Derby	41·6	40·0
Hereford	20·8	18·2	Stafford	71·4	83·3
Agricultural and Sub-Manufacturing Counties.			Agricultural and Sub-Mining Counties.
Westmorland	11·6	12·0	Shropshire	28·5	28·6
Norfolk	32·2	33·3	North Wales	19·3	19·6
Suffolk	33·3	37·0	South Wales	19·0	22·2
Hertford	40·0	43·5
Bedford	37·0	43·5
Buckingham	33·3	31·3	Sub-Agricultural and Sub-Mining Counties.
Northampton	31·2	33·3	Northumberland	21·2	25·6
Oxford	34·4	37·0	Cumberland	18·5	20·0
Berks	34·4	41·7	Monmouth	43·0	55·5
Hants	47·6	38·4
Wilts	30·3	27·7	Metropolitan County.
Dorset	27·7	28·6	Middlesex	1000·0	1059·0
Somerset	41·6	43·5
Devon	32·2	34·5
			Sub-Metropolitan Counties.
Sub-Agricultural and Sub-Manufacturing County.			Surrey	125·0	144·0
Gloucester	55·5	26·1	Kent	55·5	63·6
Manufacturing Counties.			Note.—An Agricultural county has more than 10 per cent., and a Sub-Agricultural county less than 10 per cent. of its population employed in agriculture.
Lancaster	166·6	200·0
Yorkshire	42·6	48·7	A Manufacturing county has more than 15 per cent., and a Sub-Manufacturing county less than 15 per cent. of its population employed in manufacture.
Chester	58·8	65·2
Nottingham	47·6	55·5	A Mining county has more than 5 per cent., and a Sub-Mining county less than 5 per cent. of its population employed in mining.
Leicester	43·0	45·4
Warwick	71·4	83·3
Worcester	52·6	55·5