London Labour and the London Poor, Vol. 4

by Henry Mayhew

COUNTIES.	Total Number of Birth for 1845-48.	Average per Year.	Number of Illegitimate Births
			1845.	1846.	1847.	1848.
Bedford	17,384	4,346	355	349	302	338
Berks	23,195	5,799	463	472	438	470
Bucks	17,984	4,496	328	329	296	306
Cambridge	25,546	6,386	441	407	442	404
Chester	51,396	12,599	1188	1190	1064	1072
Cornwall	45,017	11,254	576	537	515	508
Cumberland	23,541	5,885	647	641	629	638
Derby	32,295	8,074	672	670	674	610
Devon	64,802	16,200	789	889	758	837
Dorset	20,529	5,132	364	331	309	366
Durham	54,916	13,729	804	821	812	859
Essex	41,356	10,339	588	673	590	634
Gloucester	49,444	12,361	811	855	720	767
Hereford	10,984	2,746	273	305	254	263
Hertford	21,590	5,397	402	414	368	367
Hunts	8,179	2,045	116	100	80	98
Kent	73,836	18,459	1015	1008	976	995
Lancaster	293,023	73,256	5929	5897	5477	5384
Leicester	29,512	7,378	640	624	531	536
Lincoln	49,546	12,386	843	845	773	821
Middlesex	217,523	54,381	2048	2254	2201	2298
Monmouth	21,995	5,499	247	266	253	309
Norfolk	52,387	13,097	1424	1440	1295	1336
Northampton	27,674	6,918	440	420	395	411
Northumberland	37,523	9,381	668	678	715	679
Nottingham	35,244	8,811	895	827	775	736
Oxford	20,886	5,221	368	468	386	361
Rutland	2,825	706	52	34	30	45
Salop	25,899	6,475	676	658	593	632
Somerset	53,509	13,377	903	860	796	830
Southampton	46,726	11,681	704	711	688	709
Stafford	77,972	19,493	1240	1283	1409	1433
Suffolk	42,055	10,514	937	950	849	846
Surrey	81,968	20,492	855	911	930	915
Sussex	38,454	9,613	657	669	695	626
Warwick	58,938	14,734	779	835	830	879
Westmorland	7,073	1,793	179	147	149	149
Wilts	29,008	7,252	521	549	485	469
Worcester	40,561	10,140	768	885	512	553
York	231,444	57,861	4266	4317	4030	4106
North Wales	43,268	10,817	872	854	830	832
South Wales	72,188	18,047	1407	1256	1271	1300
Total for England and Wales	2,219,170	554,792	38,241	38,259	36,125	36,747

Total for 4 Years.	Average per Year.	Proportion to all Births, 1 in every	Number of Illegitimate in every 1000 Births.	Per Cent. above and below the Average. † denotes above * „ below
1,344	336	12·9	77	†14·9
1,843	461	12·5	79	†17·9
1,259	315	14·2	70	†4·4
1,694	423	15·0	66	*1·5
4,514	1128	11·3	89	†32·8
2,136	534	21·0	47	*29·8
2,555	639	9·2	108	†61·2
2,626	656	12·2	81	†20·9
3,273	818	19·7	50	*25·3
1,370	342	14·9	66	*1·5
3,296	824	16·3	60	*10·4
2,485	621	16·6	60	*10·4
3,153	788	15·6	64	*4·5
1,095	274	10·0	100	†49·2
1,551	388	13·9	72	†7·4
394	98	20·7	48	*28·3
3,994	998	14·8	54	*19·4
22,687	5672	12·9	77	†14·9
2,331	583	12·6	79	†17·9
3,282	820	15·0	66	*1·5
8,801	2200	24·7	40	*40·3
1,075	269	20·4	49	*26·8
5,495	1374	9·5	105	†56·7
1,666	416	16·6	60	*10·4
2,740	685	13·6	73	†8·9
3,233	808	10·9	91	†35·8
1,583	396	13·1	76	†13·4
161	40	17·5	56	*16·4
2,559	640	10·1	99	†47·7
3,389	847	15·7	63	*6·0
2,812	703	16·6	60	*10·4
5,365	1341	14·5	69	†3·0
3,582	895	11·7	85	†26·8
3,611	903	22·6	44	*34·3
2,647	662	14·5	68	†1·5
3,323	831	17·7	56	*16·4
624	156	11·3	87	†29·8
2,024	506	14·3	69	†3·0
2,718	679	14·9	66	*1·5
16,619	4155	13·9	71	†6·0
3,388	847	12·7	78	†16·4
5,234	1308	13·7	72	†7·4
149,642	37,410	14·8	67

COUNTIES.	Total Number of Birth for 1845-48.	Average per Year.	Number of Illegitimate Births				Total for 4 Years.	Average per Year.	Proportion to all Births, 1 in every	Number of Illegitimate in every 1000 Births.	Per Cent. above and below the Average. † denotes above * „ below
			1845.	1846.	1847.	1848.
Bedford	17,384	4,346	355	349	302	338	1,344	336	12·9	77	†14·9
Berks	23,195	5,799	463	472	438	470	1,843	461	12·5	79	†17·9
Bucks	17,984	4,496	328	329	296	306	1,259	315	14·2	70	†4·4
Cambridge	25,546	6,386	441	407	442	404	1,694	423	15·0	66	*1·5
Chester	51,396	12,599	1188	1190	1064	1072	4,514	1128	11·3	89	†32·8
Cornwall	45,017	11,254	576	537	515	508	2,136	534	21·0	47	*29·8
Cumberland	23,541	5,885	647	641	629	638	2,555	639	9·2	108	†61·2
Derby	32,295	8,074	672	670	674	610	2,626	656	12·2	81	†20·9
Devon	64,802	16,200	789	889	758	837	3,273	818	19·7	50	*25·3
Dorset	20,529	5,132	364	331	309	366	1,370	342	14·9	66	*1·5
Durham	54,916	13,729	804	821	812	859	3,296	824	16·3	60	*10·4
Essex	41,356	10,339	588	673	590	634	2,485	621	16·6	60	*10·4
Gloucester	49,444	12,361	811	855	720	767	3,153	788	15·6	64	*4·5
Hereford	10,984	2,746	273	305	254	263	1,095	274	10·0	100	†49·2
Hertford	21,590	5,397	402	414	368	367	1,551	388	13·9	72	†7·4
Hunts	8,179	2,045	116	100	80	98	394	98	20·7	48	*28·3
Kent	73,836	18,459	1015	1008	976	995	3,994	998	14·8	54	*19·4
Lancaster	293,023	73,256	5929	5897	5477	5384	22,687	5672	12·9	77	†14·9
Leicester	29,512	7,378	640	624	531	536	2,331	583	12·6	79	†17·9
Lincoln	49,546	12,386	843	845	773	821	3,282	820	15·0	66	*1·5
Middlesex	217,523	54,381	2048	2254	2201	2298	8,801	2200	24·7	40	*40·3
Monmouth	21,995	5,499	247	266	253	309	1,075	269	20·4	49	*26·8
Norfolk	52,387	13,097	1424	1440	1295	1336	5,495	1374	9·5	105	†56·7
Northampton	27,674	6,918	440	420	395	411	1,666	416	16·6	60	*10·4
Northumberland	37,523	9,381	668	678	715	679	2,740	685	13·6	73	†8·9
Nottingham	35,244	8,811	895	827	775	736	3,233	808	10·9	91	†35·8
Oxford	20,886	5,221	368	468	386	361	1,583	396	13·1	76	†13·4
Rutland	2,825	706	52	34	30	45	161	40	17·5	56	*16·4
Salop	25,899	6,475	676	658	593	632	2,559	640	10·1	99	†47·7
Somerset	53,509	13,377	903	860	796	830	3,389	847	15·7	63	*6·0
Southampton	46,726	11,681	704	711	688	709	2,812	703	16·6	60	*10·4
Stafford	77,972	19,493	1240	1283	1409	1433	5,365	1341	14·5	69	†3·0
Suffolk	42,055	10,514	937	950	849	846	3,582	895	11·7	85	†26·8
Surrey	81,968	20,492	855	911	930	915	3,611	903	22·6	44	*34·3
Sussex	38,454	9,613	657	669	695	626	2,647	662	14·5	68	†1·5
Warwick	58,938	14,734	779	835	830	879	3,323	831	17·7	56	*16·4
Westmorland	7,073	1,793	179	147	149	149	624	156	11·3	87	†29·8
Wilts	29,008	7,252	521	549	485	469	2,024	506	14·3	69	†3·0
Worcester	40,561	10,140	768	885	512	553	2,718	679	14·9	66	*1·5
York	231,444	57,861	4266	4317	4030	4106	16,619	4155	13·9	71	†6·0
North Wales	43,268	10,817	872	854	830	832	3,388	847	12·7	78	†16·4
South Wales	72,188	18,047	1407	1256	1271	1300	5,234	1308	13·7	72	†7·4
Total for England and Wales	2,219,170	554,792	38,241	38,259	36,125	36,747	149,642	37,410	14·8	67

LIST OF COUNTIES IN THE ORDER OF THEIR ILLEGITIMATE BIRTHS, AS SHOWN BY THE NUMBER OF ILLEGITIMATES IN EVERY 1000 CHILDREN BORN.

Counties above the Average.

Cumberland	108
Norfolk	105
Hereford	100
Salop	99
Nottingham	91
Chester	89
Westmorland	87
Suffolk	85
Derby	81
Berks	79
Leicester	79
North Wales	78
Lancaster	77
Bedford	77
Oxford	76
Northumberland	73
Hertford	72
South Wales	72
York	71
Bucks	70
Wilts	69
Stafford	69
Sussex	68

Counties below the Average.

Cambridge	66
Dorset	66
Lincoln	66
Worcester	66
Gloucester	64
Somerset	63
Southampton	60
Northampton	60
Essex	60
Durham	60
Warwick	56
Rutland	56
Kent	54
Devon	50
Monmouth	49
Hunts	48
Cornwall	47
Surrey	44
Middlesex	40
Average for England and Wales	67

THE EARLY MARRIAGES AND THE INCREASE OF THE POPULATION IN EACH COUNTY COMPARED.