FOOTNOTES:

[204:1] Littleton does not mention Pepper when speaking of rents reserved otherwise than in money, but specifies as instances, "un chival, ou un esperon dor, ou un clovegylofer"—a horse, a golden spur, or a clove gilliflower.

PIG-NUTS.

Caliban.I prythee let me bring thee where Crabs grow;
And I with my long nails will dig thee Pig-nuts.
Tempest, act ii, sc. 2 (171).

Pig-nuts or Earth-nuts are the tuberous roots of Conopodium denudatum (Bunium flexuosum), a common weed in old upland pastures; it is found also in woods. This root is really of a pleasant flavour when first eaten, but leaves an unpleasant taste in the mouth. It is said to be much improved by roasting, and to be then quite equal to Chestnuts. Yet it is not much prized in England except by pigs and children, who do not mind the trouble of digging for it. But the root lies deep, and the stalk above it is very brittle, and "when the little 'howker' breaks the white shank he at once desists from his attempt to reach the root, for he believes that it will elude his search by sinking deeper and deeper into the ground" (Johnston). I have never heard of its being cultivated in England, but it is cultivated in some European countries, and much prized as a wholesome and palatable root.

PINE.

(1)Prospero.She did confine thee,
* * * * *
Into a cloven Pine;
* * * * *
It was mine art,
When I arrived and heard thee, that made gape
The Pine and let thee out.
Tempest, act i, sc. 2 (273).
(2)Suffolk.Thus droops this lofty Pine and hangs his sprays.
2nd Henry VI, act ii, sc. 3 (45).
(3)Prospero.And by the spurs plucked up
The Pine and Cedar.
Tempest, act v, sc. 1 (47).
(4)Agamemnon.As knots, by the conflux of meeting sap,
Infect the sound Pine and divert his grain
Tortive and errant from his course of growth.
Troilus and Cressida, act i, sc. 3 (7).
(5)Antony.Where yonder Pine does stand
I shall discover all.
* * * * *
This Pine is bark'd
That overtopped them all.
Antony and Cleopatra, act iv, sc. 12 (23).
(6)Belarius.As the rudest wind
That by the top doth take the mountain Pine,
And make him stoop to the vale.
Cymbeline, act iv, sc. 2 (174).
(7)1st Lord.Behind the tuft of Pines I met them.
Winter's Tale, act ii, sc. 1 (33).
(8)Richard.But when from under this terrestrial ball
He fires the proud top of the eastern Pines.
Richard II, act iii, sc. 2 (41).
(9)Antonio.You may as well forbid the mountain Pines
To wag their high tops and to make no noise,
When they are fretten with the gusts of heaven.
Merchant of Venice, act iv, sc. 1 (75).
(10) Ay me! the bark peel'd from the lofty Pine,
His leaves will wither, and his sap decay;
So must my soul, her bark being peel'd away.
Lucrece (1167).