[26] 88, 137.
[27] 158. Walter shared the crusading spirit. The inference that he was himself a Crusader is unsafe; but he wrote stirring crusading poems, one opening with a line that in sudden power may be compared with Milton’s
“Avenge, O Lord, Thy slaughtered saints.”
“Rich, hêrre, dich und dine muoter, megede kint.”
167. See also 78, 79.
[28] 87.
[29] Parzival, i. 824.
[30] 186.
[31] 188.
[32] While an allegory is a statement having another consciously intended meaning, metaphor is the carrying over or deflection of a meaning from its primary application. According to good usage, which has kept these terms distinct, allegory implies a definite and usually a sustained intention, and suggests the spiritual; while metaphor suggests figures of speech and linguistic changes often unconscious. Language develops through the metaphorical (not allegorical) extension or modification of the meanings of words. The original meaning sometimes is obscured (e.g. in profane or depend), and sometimes continues to exist with the new one. In a vast number of languages, such words as straight, oblique, crooked, seem always to have had both a direct and a metaphorical meaning. Moral and intellectual conceptions necessarily are expressed in phrases primarily applicable to physical phenomena.
[33] Cf. Taylor, Classical Heritage, p. 97 sqq.
[34] Ante, Chapters IV., V.