[8]. Huntington, Ellsworth, The Pulse of Asia, pp. 357, 373, 383.
[9]. Keller, A. G., Colonization, Ch. I.
[10]. Sumner, W. G., War and Other Essays, “Sociology.”
[11]. Well developed, of course, in the sense of culture, not in the exploitation of natural resources.
[12]. There has not only been much looseness and ambiguity in the use of the word “immigration,” but also an apparent feeling that immigration and emigration are two different things, as is witnessed by the title of one of the standard works on the subject. They are, in fact, only two different ways of looking at the same thing. As so often happens in the social sciences, the student of immigration is under the necessity of taking a word from the common language, and giving it a more restricted and inflexible meaning than either everyday usage or the etymology of the word would warrant.
[13]. Mayo-Smith, R., Emigration and Immigration, p. 36.
[14]. Cobb, S. H., The Story of the Palatines. Cf., also, Faust, A. B., The German Element in the United States, Chs. II, III, IV; Bittinger, Lucy F., The Germans in Colonial Times, pp. 12–19; Proper, E. E., Colonial Immigration Laws, Columbia College Studies, Vol. 12, No. 2, pp. 40–42.
[15]. Commons, J. R., Races and Immigrants in America, p. 32.
[16]. Cf., especially, Commons, op. cit., pp. 31–38. Also Hanna, Charles A., The Scotch-Irish, esp. Vol. II, pp. 172–180; Green, S. S., The Scotch-Irish in America; MacLean, J. P., Settlements of Scotch Highlanders in America, pp. 40–61.
[17]. Kapp, F., Immigration and the Commissioners of Emigration of the State of New York, p. 21.