[312]. Mr. W. L. Anderson, who is not an extreme advocate of the opinion that immigration has not increased population, nevertheless says, “Certainly the common assertion that without the foreigner the development of the country would have halted disastrously is fallacious.” The Country Town, p. 154.
[313]. Some allowance needs also to be made for the amount of money brought in. See p. 202.
[314]. Speare, Charles F., “What America Pays Europe for Immigrant Labor,” No. Am. Rev., 187:106.
[315]. Cf. Balch, op. cit., p. 302. Fred C. Croxton and W. Jett Lauck find the recent immigrants largely responsible for dangerous and unhealthful conditions in mines and factories, and trace a direct causal relation between the extensive employment of recent immigrants and the extraordinary increase of mining accidents in recent years. Spiller, G., Inter-Racial Problems, pp. 218–219.
[316]. Pp. 155–159.
[317]. For the distinction between these classes see p. 125.
[318]. White, Money and Banking, third edition, Ch. XVIII.
[319]. The fact that in March, 1908, there was a gain of 31 is not a coincidence. The month of March is always a busy one in immigration, as it opens the spring season, and this influence was sufficient to check the prevailing movement temporarily.
[320]. Mr. F. H. Streightoff shows that at the time the census of 1900 was taken, 2,634,336 or 11.1 per cent of all males over ten years of age who were engaged in gainful occupation in the United States were unemployed three months or more during the year. See Standard of Living, p. 35.
[321]. Fisher, Irving, The Purchasing Power of Money, pp. 58 seq.