The currents of thought and care have gone on day after day, and month after month, from early morning until late at night in one ceaseless round; wakeful and anxious often for children sick, for children who are to be clothed and fed and schooled; anxious in reference to the thousand and one household cares, which never lift from the brain of such a mother; with no intellectual or social world outside the dark walls and many times illy ventillated rooms of her own house; with no range of thought on outside matters; with no one to interpose or even understand the danger; with no books to read, or, if she had, no time to read them;—in short, with no vision for time or eternity, beyond one unending contest with cooking and scrubbing and mending,—what wonder that the poor brain succumbs! The wonder rather is that it continues in working order so long as it does without becoming utterly wrecked. More fresh, health-giving air, more change, more holidays, more reading, more gossiping, more of almost any thing to change the monotony of such a life, to break the spell which so holds these poor women, and to lead their minds in pastures more green, and by rivers whose waters are less stagnant and bitter.
But below and far beyond this class of persons, there are the innumerable ones who are born into a world of poverty and vice. It is their inheritance from long lines of ancestry; they are crippled from the beginning and have but half a chance in securing or retaining the prizes of health and success.
In the great contest of life the weaker go to the wall. That term so commonly now in use, “the survival of the fittest” in the struggle of life, covers a large ground, and numberless are the tales of suffering, want, and consequent disease which, hidden from the light of day, are known only to the physician or the philanthropist. I hardly need refer to the sanitary surroundings of those portions of our large cities, and those of Europe, which are occupied by the poorer classes of society: the impure air from overcrowding, the effect of which upon the delicate tissues of the nervous system is deleterious in the highest degree; the lack of all facilities for bathing; the insufficient, irregular, and often unwholesome food-supply; the habit of drunkenness from the use of alcohol in some of its worst preparations, and habits of daily tippling which keeps the brain in a state of constant excitement; together with the immoral practices which grow out of such surroundings and habits of life,—all tend strongly in one direction.
By going through some of the hospitals for the insane in the vicinity of New York, or those which are the recipients of the mental wrecks which drift out of the lower grades of society, in the great manufacturing towns and cities of this country or of England, one may gain some more vivid conceptions of the influences which expend themselves upon the nervous system among these poorer classes of society.
We have seen, in the spring season of the year, the trees of an orchard white with unnumbered blossoms. Myriads on myriads feed every passing breeze with delicious odors for a day, and then drop to the ground. And when the fruit is formed from a very few only of these innumerable blossoms on the trees, a limited number only of the whole attain to maturity and perfection, while the ground is strewn with the windfalls and the useless. Why the one goes on to maturity, while the other perishes so prodigally and so soon, we may not say with certainty, but doubtless it is due to some slight degree of advantage in the starting of the voyage; it may be a moment or an hour of time, or a particle of nourishment, but to whatsoever cause it may be due, it is sufficient, and there is no remedy.
So it is in the grand struggle of human life. Myriads perish at the very start, and as the process of life goes forward, as its conditions become complicated and antagonistic, one by one—always the weaker,—by reason of some poverty in organization, inherited or acquired, falls out by the way, while the vast procession of humanity presses on and upward on its mysterious mission. So it has ever been in the past, and so it will be in the future. The stronger in body and mind will rise above and triumph over the hardnesses and roughnesses of life, becoming stronger by the very effort of so doing. To him that hath shall be given, and he shall have an abundance of the possessions of life, but that abundance is drawn from him that has but little, and he falls out by the way, as the fruit untimely falls from the tree. Many of these poverty-stricken ones are the psychological windfalls of society.
Christianity has taught us to pick them up and try to nurse them to strength for further battle. She has built hospitals and asylums of refuge from the storm, into which these weaker ones drift, and here, at least for the present, lies the field for her efforts toward ameliorating their condition. It was true thousands of years ago that the poor were everywhere and always present in all conditions of society. It has been so since, and probably will always continue to be so, so long as society continues; and we have no reason to expect other results from the conditions of poverty hereafter than heretofore. Only as the number of its victims may become fewer, through the influence of an education which will enable persons to be self-supporting, will the grand total of mental disease and the misery caused by it become less.
RELIGION.