Narrative of an Expedition Through the Upper Mississippi to Itasca Lake, the Actual Source of This River / Embracing an Exploratory Trip Through the St. Croix and Burntwood (or Broule) Rivers

by Henry Rowe Schoolcraft

Green and blue carbonate of copper, was also observed in limited quantity, in small rounded masses at one of the lead diggings near Mineral Point, Iowa county.

38. Chromate of iron. Presque Isle, Lake Superior.

39. Sulphuret of lead. Lead mines of Iowa county, Michigan Territory.

40. Earthy carbonate of lead. Brigham’s mine, Iowa county, Mich. Ter. Also, in small masses, of a yellowish white, dirty color, and great comparative weight, at several of the lead mines (diggings) in the more westerly and southern parts of the county.

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3. Localities of plants collected in the north-western
expeditions of 1831 and 1832.

BY DOUGLASS HOUGHTON, M. D.
SURGEON TO THE EXPEDITIONS.

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The localities of the following plants are transcribed from a catalogue kept during the progress of the expeditions, and embrace many plants common to our country, which were collected barely for the purpose of comparison. A more detailed account will be published at some future day.

• Aster tenuifolius, Willdenow. Upper Mississippi.
• “ sericea, Nuttall. River de Corbeau, Missouri Ter.
• “ loevis? Willdenow. St. Croix River, Northwest Ter.
• “ concolor, Willdenow. Fox River, Northwest Ter.
• “ (N. Spec.) Sources of Yellow River, Northwest Ter.
• Andropogon furcatus, Willdenow. do.
• Alopecurus geniculatus, Linneus. Sault Ste Marie, M. T.
• Aira flexuosa. Sault Ste Marie, M. T.
• Allium tricoccum, Aiton. Ontonagon River of Lake Superior.
• “ cernuum, Roth. River de Corbeau to the sources of the Miss.
• “ (N. Spec.) St. Louis River of Lake Superior.
• Amorpha canescens, Nuttall. Upper Mississippi.
• Artemesia canadensis, Mx. Lake Superior to the sources of the Miss.
• “ sericea, Nuttall. Keweena Point, Lake Superior.
• “ gnaphaloides, Nuttall. Fox River, Northwest Ter.
• Arabis hirsuta, De Candolle. Upper Mississippi.
• “ lyrata, Linn. Lake Superior to the source of the Miss.
• Arundo canadensis, Mx. Lake Superior.
• Arenaria lateriflora, Linn. Lake Superior to the sources of the Miss.
• Alnus glauca, Mx. St. Croix River to the sources of the Miss.
• Alliona albida, Walter. Yellow River, Northwest Ter.
• Aronia sanguinea. Lake Superior to the sources of the Miss.
• Alectoria jubata. do.
• Aletris farinosa. Prairies of Michigan Ter.
• Bidens beckii, Torrey. St. Croix River to the sources of the Miss.
• Bunias maritima, Willdenow. Lake Michigan.
• Baptisia coerulea, Michaux. Fox River, Northwest Ter.
• Blitum capitatum. Northwest Ter.
• Betula papyracea, Willdenow. Lake Superior to the sources of the Miss.
• Betula glandulosa. Savannah River, Northwest Ter.
• Bartramia fontana. Lake Superior.
• Bromus canadensis, Michaux. Upper Mississippi.
• Batschia canescens. Plains of the Mississippi.
• “ “ Var. (or N. Spec.) Lake Superior.
• Carex paucifolia. Sault Ste Marie. Mich. Ter.
• “ scirpoides, Schkuhr. do.
• “ limosa, Linn. do.
• “ curata, Gmelin. do.
• “ (apparently N. Spec. allied to C. scabrata.) Sources of the Miss.
• “ washingtoniana, Dewy. Lake Superior.
• “ lacustris, Willdenow. do.
• “ oedere, Ehrhart. Leech Lake.
• “ logopodioides, Schkuhr. Savannah River, Northwest Ter.
• “ rosea, Var. Lake Superior.
• “ festucacea, Schkuhr. St. Louis River of Lake Superior.
• Cyperus mariscoides, Elliott. Upper Mississippi.
• “ alterniflorus, Schwinitz. River St. Clair, Mich. Ter.
• Cnicus pitcheri, Torrey. Lakes Michigan and Superior.
• Coreopsis palmata, Nuttall. Prairies of the Upper Mississippi.
• Cardamine pratensis. Lake Superior to the sources of the Miss.
• Calamagrostis coarctata, Torrey. Lake Winnipec.
• Cetraria icelandica. Lakes Superior and Michigan.
• Corydalis aurea, Willdenow. Cass Lake, Upper Mississippi.
• “ glauca, Persoon. Lake Superior.
• Cynoglossum amplexicaule, Michaux. Sault Ste Marie.
• Cassia chamoecrista. Upper Mississippi.
• Corylus americana, Walter. Lake Superior to the sources of the Miss.
• “ rostrata, Willdenow. do.
• Cistus canadensis, Willdenow. do.
• Cornus circinata, L’Heritier. do.
• Cypripedium acaule, Aiton. do.
• Cymbidium pulchellum, Swartz. do do.
• Corallorhiza multiflora, Torrey. Lake Superior.
• Convallaria borealis, Willdenow. Lake Superior to the sources of the Mississippi.
• “ trifolia, Linn. Lake Superior.
• Cenchrus echinatus, Linn. Upper Mississippi.
• Cerastium viscosum, Linn. Lake Superior.
• “ oblongifolium, Torrey. Michigan Ter.
• Campanula acuminata, Michaux. St. Louis River of Lake Superior.
• Chrysosplenium oppositifolium. Lake Superior to the Mississippi.
• Cinna arundinacea, Willdenow. Upper Mississippi.
• Drosera linearis, Hooker. Lake Superior.
• “ rotundifolia. Lake Superior to the sources of the Miss.
• “ americana, Muhlenberg. do.
• Dracocephalum virginicum, Willdenow. Red Cedar River, Northwest Territory.
• Delphinum virescens, Nuttall. Upper Mississippi.
• Danthonia spicata, Willdenow. Mauvais River of Lake Superior.
• Dirca palustris, Willdenow. Ontonagon River of Lake Superior.
• Equisetum limosum, Torrey. Lake Superior.
• “ palustre, Willdenow. do.
• “ variegatum, Smith. Lake Michigan.
• Erigeron integrifolium, Bigelow. Falls of Peckagama, Upper Miss.
• “ purpureum, Willdenow. do.
• “ (N. Spec.) Sources of St. Croix River, Northwest Ter.
• “ heterophyllum, Var. or (N. Spec.) do.
• Eryngium aquaticum, Jussieu. Galena, Ill.
• Euphorbia corollata, Willdenow. Red Cedar River.
• Eriophorum virginicum, Linn. Lake Superior.
• “ alpinum, Linn. do.
• “ polystachyon, Linn. do.
• Empetrum nigrum, Michaux. do.
• Erysimum chiranthoides, Linn. do.
• Eriocaulon pellucidum, Michaux, do.
• Euchroma coccinea, Willdenow. Lake Superior to the Mississippi.
• Elymus striatus, Willdenow. St. Croix River, Northwest Ter.
• “ virginicus, Linn. do.
• Festuca nutans, Willdenow. Lake Winnipec.
• Glycera fluitans, Brown. Savannah River, Northwest Ter.
• Gyrophora papulosa. Lake Superior.
• Gentiana crinita, Willdenow. Lake Michigan.
• Geranium carolinianum. Lake Superior to the Mississippi.
• Galium lanceolatum, Torrey. Red Cedar River to the Mississippi.
• Gerardia pedicularis, Fox River, Northwest Ter.
• “ maratima, Rafinesque, Lake Michigan.
• Galeopsis tetrahit, Var. Falls of St. Mary, Mich. Ter.
• Gnaphalium plantaginium, Var. Source of the Mississippi.
• Goodyera pubescens, Willdenow. Lake Superior.
• Hippophae canadensis, Willdenow. do.
• “ argentea, Pursh. do.
• Hedeoma glabra, Persoon. Lake Michigan to the sources of the Miss.
• Hydropeltis purpurea, Michaux. Northwest Ter.
• Hippuris vulgaris. Yellow River to sources of the Mississippi.
• Hudsonia tomentosa, Nuttall. Lake Superior.
• Hypericum canadense. do.
• “ prolificum, Willdenow. Lake Michigan.
• Hieracium fasciculatum, Pursh. Pukwaewa Lake, Northwest Ter.
• Hierochloa borealis, Roemer & Schultes. Lake Superior.
• Holcus lanatus. Savannah River, Northwest Ter.
• Houstonia longifalia, Willdenow. St. Louis River of Lake Superior.
• Heuchera americana, Linn. do.
• Hypnum crista-castrensis. Source of the Mississippi.
• Hordeum jubatum. Upper Red Cedar Lake.
• Helianthus decapetalis. Northwest Ter.
• “ gracilis, Torrey. Upper Lake St. Croix, Northwest Ter.
• Hyssopus anisatus, Nuttall. Upper Mississippi.
• Hyssopus scrophularifolius, Willdenow. Upper Mississippi.
• Inula villosa, Nuttall. Upper Mississippi.
• Ilex canadensis, Michaux. Lake Superior.
• Juncus nodosus. St. Mary’s River.
• “ polycephalus, Michaux. Lake Superior.
• Koeleria nitida, Nuttall. Lake Winnipec.
• Lycopodium dendroideum, Michaux. Lake Superior to the sources of the Mississippi.
• “ annotinum, Willdenow. do.
• Lonicera hirsuta, Eaton. Lake Superior to the sources of the Miss.
• “ sempervirens, Aiton. Lake Superior.
• Lechea minor. Upper Mississippi.
• Linnea borealis, Willdenow. Lake Superior to the sources of the Miss.
• Lathyrus palustris. Lake Superior.
• “ decaphyllus, Pursh. Leech Lake.
• “ maritimus, Bigelow. Lake Superior.
• Lobelia kalmii, Linneus. do.
• “ claytoniana, Michaux. Upper Mississippi.
• “ puberula?, Michaux. Yellow River, Northwest Ter.
• Liatris scariosa, Willdenow. Upper Mississippi.
• “ cylindrica, Michaux. do.
• Lysimachia revoluta, Nuttall. Lake Superior.
• “ thyrsifolia, Michaux, do.
• Ledum latifolium, Aiton. Lake Superior to the sources of the Miss.
• Myrica gale, Willdenow. Lake Superior.
• Malva (N. Spec.) Upper Mississippi.
• Monarda punctata, Linneus. Upper Mississippi.
• “ oblongata, Aiton. do.
• Microstylis ophioglossoides, Willdenow. Lac la Biche.
• Myriophyllum spicatum. Lake Superior.
• Mitella cordifolia, Lamarck. do.
• Menyanthes trifoliata, Lake Superior to the sources of the Miss.
• Myosotis arvensis, Sibthorp. St. Clair River, Mich. Ter.
• Nelumbium luteum, Willdenow. Upper Mississippi.
• Oenothere biennis, Var. Bois Brulé River of Lake Superior.
• “ serrulata, Nuttall. Upper Mississippi.
• Psoralea argophylla, Pursh. Falls of St. Anthony.
• Primula farinosa, Var. americana, Torrey. Lakes Huron and Superior.
• “ mistasinica, Michaux. Keweena Point Lake Superior.
• Pingwicula (N. Spec.) Presque Isle, Lake Superior.
• Parnassia americana, Muhlenberg. Lake Michigan.
• Pedicularis gladiata, Michaux. Fox River.
• Pinus nigra, Lambert. Lake Superior.
• “ banksiana, Lambert. Lake Superior.
• Populus tremuloides, Michaux. Northwest Ter.
• “ loevigata, Willdenow. Upper Mississippi.
• Prunus depressa, Pursh. Lakes Superior and Michigan.
• Petalostemon violaceum, Willdenow. Upper Mississippi.
• Petalostemon candidum, Willdenow. Upper Mississippi.
• Potentilla tridentata, Aiton. Lake Superior.
• “ fruticosa, Linneus. Lakes Superior and Michigan.
• Pyrola uniflora. Mauvais River of Lake Superior.
• Polygonum amphibium, Linneas. St. Croix River.
• “ cilinode, Michaux. Lake Superior.
• “ articulatum, Linneus. do.
• “ coccinium, Willdenow. St. Croix River.
• Polygala polygama, Walter. Northwest Ter.
• Phlox aristata, Michaux. Upper Mississippi.
• Poa canadensis. do.
• Pentstemon gracile, Nuttall. Upper Red Cedar Lake.
• “ grandiflorum, Nuttall. Falls of St. Anthony.
• Physalis lanceolata, Var. (or N. Spec.) Lac la Biche.
• Quercus coccinea, Wangenheim. Upper Red Cedar Lake.
• “ obtusiloba, Michaux. Upper Mississippi.
• Ranunculus filiformis, Michaux. Falls of St. Mary, Mich. Ter.
• “ pusillus, Pursh. Mich. Ter.
• “ prostratus, Lamarck. Lake Superior to the Mississippi.
• “ lacustris, Beck & Tracy. Upper Mississippi.
• Rudbeckia hirta, Linneus. Upper Mississippi and Michigan Ter.
• “ digitata, Aiton. Upper Mississippi.
• Rubus parviflorus, Nuttall. Lake Superior to the sources of the Miss.
• “ hispidus, Linneus. Lake Superior.
• “ saxatilis, Var. canadensis, Michaux. Lake Superior.
• Rosa gemella, Willdenow. Lake Superior.
• “ rubifolia, Brown. Michigan Ter.
• Ribes albinervum, Michaux. Sources of the St. Croix River.
• Saururus cernuus, Linneus. Upper Mississippi.
• Streptopus roseus, Michaux. Lake Superior.
• Sisymbrium brachycarpum, Richardson. Lake Superior.
• “ chiranthoides, Linneus, do.
• Swertia deflexa, Smith. Bois Brulé River of Lake Superior.
• Silphium terebinthinaceum, Elliott. Michigan Territory to the Miss.
• “ gummiferum. Fox River to the Mississippi.
• Stachys aspera, Var. Michaux. Lake Superior.
• Sterocaulon paschale. do.
• Struthiopteris pennsylvanica, Willdenow. Lake Superior.
• Scirpus frigetur? Lake of the Isles, Northwest Ter.
• “ palustris, Linneus. Lake Superior to the Mississippi.
• Salix prinoides, Pursh. Mauvais River of Lake Superior.
• “ longifolia, Muhlenberg. Upper Mississippi.
• Spiraea opulifolia, Var. tomentella, De Candolle. Lake Superior.
• Sorbus americana, Willdenow. Lake Huron to the head of Lake Superior.
• Smilax rotundifolia, Linneus. Lake Superior to the Mississippi.
• Silene antirrhina, Linneus. Lac la Biche.
• Saxifraga virginiensis, Michaux. Lake Superior.
• Scutellaria ambigna, Nuttall. Upper Mississippi.
• Solidago virgaurea, Var. alpina. Lake Superior.
• Stipa jencea, Nuttall. Usawa R.
• Symphora racemosa, Michaux. Source of the Miss. R.
• Senecio balsamitae, Var. Falls of Peckagama, Upper Miss.
• Sagittaria heterophylla, Pursh. Upper Miss.
• Tanacetum huronensis, Nuttall. Lakes Michigan and Superior.
• Tussilago palmata, Willdenow. Lake Michigan.
• Tofeldia pubens, Michaux. Lake Superior.
• Triglochin maritimum, Linneus. do.
• Thalyctrum corynellum, De Candolle. St. Louis River.
• Triticum repens, Linneus. Leech Lake.
• Troximon virginicum, Pursh. Lake Winnipec.
• Talinum teretifolium, Pursh. St. Croix River.
• Tradescantia virginica, Upper Miss.
• Utricularia cornuta, Michaux. Lake Superior.
• “ purpurea, Walter. Lac Chetac, N. W. Ter.
• Uraspermum canadense, Lake Superior to the Miss.
• Viola lanceolata, Linneus. Sault Ste Marie.
• “ pedata, Var, (or N. Spec.) Lac la Biche, source of the Miss.
• Virburnum oxycoccus, Pursh. Lake Superior.
• “ lentago, do.
• Vernonia novoboracensis, Willdenow. Upper Miss.
• Verbena bracteosa, Michaux. do.
• “ stricta, Ventenat. do.
• Zapania nodiflora, Michaux. Galena, Illinois.
• Zigadenus chloranthus, Richardson. Sandy shores of Lake Michigan.
• Zizania aquatica, Pursh. Illinois to the sources of the Miss.