[112] Vide my View of the Lead Mines of Missouri, &c., New York, 1819.
[113] This is believed to be an oriental mode of excavation, which appears to have been practised in digging wells.
[114] New York, 1819.
[115] The city of Galena has subsequently been built on this river, at the distance of six miles from the Mississippi. The river is, indeed, thus far, an arm of the Mississippi, which permits steamboats freely to enter, converting the place into a commercial depot for a vast surrounding country. Not less than 40,000,000 pounds of lead were shipped from this place in 1852, valued at one million six hundred thousand dollars. It is the terminus of the Chicago and Galena Railroad, connecting it by a line of 180 miles with the lakes. It contains a bank, three newspaper offices, and several churches of various denominations, and has, by the census of 1850, a population of 6,004.
[116] There is believed to be no instance, in America, where the Indians have disannulled grants or privileges to persons settling among them, and leaving families founded on the Indian element.
[117] For the facts in this case, see Collection of Land Laws of the United States, printed at Washington, 1817.
[118] This name was first applied to a territory in 1836.
[119] American Journal of Science, vol. vi. p. 119.
[120] American Journal of Science, vol. vi. p. 120, &c.
[121] Wisconsin. This region was separated from Michigan, and formed into a separate territory in 1836; and admitted as a State in 1848. By the census of 1850, it has a population of 305,391, divided into 33,517 families, occupying 32,962 dwellings, and cultivating 1,045,499 acres of land. There are 43 organized counties, and 334 churches of all denominations, giving one church to every 1,250 inhabitants. It has three representatives in the popular branch of Congress. It was 16 years after my visit, before it had a distinct legal existence—it increased to become a State in twelve years; and, according to our ordinary rate of increase, will contain one million of inhabitants in 1890.