[307]. Giedion first called attention to the importance of ‘balloon-frame’ construction in Space, Time and Architecture in 1941; but see Field, W., ‘A Re-examination into the Invention of the Balloon Frame’, Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians, II (1942), 3-29.
[308]. See Randall, G., The Great Fire of Chicago and its Causes, Chicago [1871].
[309]. See Hope, H., ‘Louis Sullivan’s Architectural Ornament’, Magazine of Art, XL (1947), 110-17. Sullivan thought of his early ornament as somehow ‘Egyptian’, but it is not very easy to see why. A later, so far unpublished study by Etel Kramer seems to establish, contrary to his own statements, that Sullivan owed a good deal to the theories of Owen Jones and that his ornament matured, earlier than has hitherto been supposed, in 1884-5.
[310]. This is not the same as the Revell Store.
[311]. Several more storeys were added later and appear in many of the published views.
[312]. One must say ‘metal’, because structural steel was only gradually replacing cast and wrought iron at this time; all these types of ferrous material were probably used in the Home Insurance, the Rookery, and other skyscrapers of the mid eighties. Two books by W. Birkmire, Architectural Iron and Steel, New York, 1891, and Skeleton Construction in Buildings, New York, 1893, best present the technical aspects of large-scale metal construction as it matured in the eighties and early nineties.
[313]. An American edition of this book appeared in 1880. See Note [[309]], supra.
[314]. I owe this suggestion to Vincent Scully.
[315]. Incidentally, the signature Frank L[loyd] Wright on the drawings for a rather Richardsonian group of three masonry houses in Chicago, designed in the Adler & Sullivan office in 1888 for Victor L. Falkenau, suggests that it was Sullivan’s brilliant draughtsman, as it was Jenney’s assistant on the Leiter Building, who was responsible for this example of overt Richardsonian influence.
[316]. The discovery by Condit that this building was begun in 1890 seemed to lend it a special importance, up until then unrecognized. But the text gives the correct dating.