1Friedrich Weinbrenner: Karlsruhe, Marktplatz, 1804-24, plan[17]
3J.-N.-L. Durand: ‘Vertical Combinations’ (from Précis des leçons, II, plate 3)[21]
3J.-N.-L. Durand: ‘Galleries’ (from Précis des leçons, II, plate 14)[24]
4Leo von Klenze; Munich, War Office, 1824-6, elevation (from Klenze, Sammlung, III, plate x)[26]
5K. F. von Schinkel: project for Neue Wache, Berlin, 1816 (from Schinkel, Sammlung, I, plate 1)[29]
6K. F. von Schinkel: Berlin, Altes Museum, 1824-8, section (from Schinkel, Sammlung, I, plate 40)[31]
7K. F. von Schinkel: Berlin, Feilner house, 1829, elevation (from Schinkel, Sammlung, plate 113)[34]
8Gottfried Semper: Dresden, Opera House (first), 1837-41, plan (from Semper, Das Königliche Hoftheater, plate 1)[37]
9J.-I. Hittorff: project for country house for Comte de W., 1830, elevation (from Normand, Paris moderne, I, plate 71)[47]
10John Nash: London, Regent Street and Regent’s Park, 1812-27, plan (from Summerson, John Nash)[65]
11John Haviland: Philadelphia, Eastern Penitentiary, 1823-35, plan (from Crawford, Report, plate 1)[79]
12Thomas Jefferson: Charlottesville, Va., University of Virginia, 1817-26, plan (from Kimball, Thomas Jefferson)[83]
13Isaiah Rogers: Boston, Tremont House, 1828-9, plan (from Eliot, A Description of the Tremont House)[87]
14H.-P.-F. Labrouste: Paris, Bibliothèque Sainte-Geneviève, (1839), 1843-50, section (from Allgemeine Bauzeitung, 1851, plate 386)[125]
15J.-L.-C. Garnier: Paris, Opéra, 1863-74, plan (from Garnier, Nouvel opéra, I, plate 9)[139]
16Vilhelm Petersen and Ferdinand Jensen: Copenhagen, Søtorvet, 1873-6, elevation (Kunstakademiets Bibliotek, Copenhagen)[156]
17Antoni Gaudí: project for Palau Güell, Barcelona, 1885, elevation (from Ráfols, Gaudí, p. 54)[203]
18W. Eden Nesfield: Kew Gardens, Lodge, 1867, elevation (Courtesy of Victoria and Albert Museum)[208]
19R. Norman Shaw: Leyswood, Sussex, 1868, plan (from Muthesius, Das Englische Haus, I, figure 81)[210]
20D. H. Burnham and F. L. Olmsted: Chicago, World’s Fair, 1893, plan (from Edgell, American Architecture of Today, figure 36)[231]
21T. F. Hunt: house-plan, 1827 (from Hunt, Designs for Parsonage Houses, plate IV)[255]
22A. J. Downing: house-plan, 1842 (from Downing, Cottage Residences, figure 50)[258]
23Philip Webb: Arisaig, Inverness-shire, 1863, plan (Courtesy of J. Brandon-Jones)[260]
24Nesfield & Shaw: Cloverley Hall, Shropshire, 1865-8, plan (from Architectural Review, 1 (1897), p. 244)[261]
25Philip Webb: Barnet, Hertfordshire, Trevor Hall, 1868-70, plan (Courtesy of Victoria and Albert Museum)[262]
26W. R. Emerson: Mount Desert, Maine, house, 1879, plan (from Scully, The Shingle Style, figure 46)[266]
27McKim, Mead & White: Newport, R.I., Isaac Bell, Jr, house, 1881-2, plan (from Sheldon, Artistic Houses)[268]
28Bruce Price: Tuxedo Park, N.Y., Tower House, 1885-6 (from Scully, The Shingle Style, figure 109)[270]
29Frank Lloyd Wright: Chicago, Isidore Heller house, 1897, plan (from Hitchcock, In the Nature of Materials, figure 44)[272]
30Frank Lloyd Wright: Chicago, J. W. Husser house, 1899, plan (from Hitchcock, In the Nature of Materials, figure 46)[273]
31Frank Lloyd Wright: Kankakee, Ill., Warren Hickox house, 1900, plan (from Hitchcock, In the Nature of Materials, figure 54)[274]
32C. F. A. Voysey: Lake Windermere, Broadleys, 1898-9, plan (Courtesy of J. Brandon-Jones)[277]
33M. H. Baillie Scott: Trevista, c. 1905, plan (from Baillie Scott, Houses and Gardens, 1906, p. 155)[278]
34Victor Horta: Brussels, Aubecq house, 1900, plan (Courtesy of J. Delhaye)[290]
35Antoni Gaudí: Barcelona, Casa Milá, 1905-10, plan of typical floor (Courtesy of Amics de Gaudí)[304]
36Auguste Perret: Paris, block of flats, 25 bis Rue Franklin, 1902-3, plan (from Architecture d’Aujourd’hui, October 1932, p. 19)[311]
37Auguste Perret: Le Raincy, S.-et-O., Notre-Dame, 1922-3, plan (from Pfammatter, Betonkirchen, p. 38)[313]
38Frank Lloyd Wright: Highland Park, Ill., W. W. Willitts house, 1902, plan (from Hitchcock, In the Nature of Materials, figure 74)[322]
39Frank Lloyd Wright: Glencoe, Ill., W. A. Glasner house, 1905, plan (from Hitchcock, In the Nature of Materials, figure 111)[323]
40Frank Lloyd Wright: Pasadena, Cal., Mrs G. M. Millard house, 1923, plans (from Hitchcock, In the Nature of Materials, figure 251)[327]
41Frank Lloyd Wright: Minneapolis, M. C. Willey house, 1934, plan (from Hitchcock, In the Nature of Materials, figure 317)[328]
42Frank Lloyd Wright: Middleton, Wis., Herbert Jacobs house, 1948, plan (from Hitchcock and Drexler, Built in U.S.A., p. 121)[331]
43Adolf Loos: Vienna, Gustav Scheu house, 1912, plan (Courtesy of Dr Ludwig Münz)[353]
44Le Corbusier: First project for Citrohan house, 1919-20, perspective (from Le Corbusier, Œuvre complète, I, p. 31)[368]
45Le Corbusier: Second project for Citrohan house, 1922, plans and section (from Le Corbusier, Œuvre complète, I, p. 44)[369]
46Le Corbusier: Vaucresson, S.-et-O., house, 1923, plans (from Le Corbusier, Œuvre complète, I, p. 51)[371]
47Le Corbusier: Poissy, S.-et-O., Savoye house, 1929-30, plan (from Hitchcock, Modern Architecture, p. 67)[372]
48Walter Gropius: Dessau, Bauhaus, 1925-6, plans (from Hitchcock, Modern Architecture, p. 67)[374]
49Ludwig Mies van der Rohe: Project for brick country house, 1922, plan (from Johnson, Mies van der Rohe, p. 32)[375]
50Ludwig Mies van der Rohe: Brno, Tugendhat house, 1930, plan (from Hitchcock, Modern Architecture, p. 127)[376]
51Le Corbusier: Marseilles, Unité d’Habitation, 1946-52, section of three storeys (from Le Corbusier, Œuvre complète, V, p. 211)[386]
52Ludwig Mies van der Rohe: Chicago, Illinois Institute of Technology, 1939-41, general plan (from Johnson, Mies van der Rohe, 2nd ed., p. 134)[389]
53Ludwig Mies van der Rohe: Plano, Ill., Dr Edith Farnsworth House, 1950, plan (from Johnson, Mies van der Rohe, p. 170)[390]
54Sir Edwin Lutyens: Hampstead Garden Suburb, London, North and South Squares, 1908 (from Weaver, Houses and Gardens (Country Life), 1913, figure 480)[406]
55Saarinen & Saarinen: Warren, Mich., General Motors Technical Institute, 1946-55, layout (Courtesy of General Motors)[419]
56Osvaldo Arthur Bratke: São Paulo, Morumbí, Bratke house, 1953, plan (from Hitchcock, Latin American Architecture, p. 174)[425]
57Philip Johnson: Wayzata, Minn., Richard S. Davis house, 1954 (from Architectural Review, 1955, pp. 236-47)[426]

LIST OF PLATES

ABBREVIATION N.B.R. – NATIONAL BUILDINGS RECORD

[1]J.-G. Soufflot and others: Paris, Panthéon (Sainte-Geneviève), 1757-90 (Archives Photographiques—Paris)
[2 (A)]C.-N. Ledoux: Paris, Barrière de la Villette, 1784-9 (Archives Photographiques—Paris)
[2 (B)]C.-N. Ledoux: Project for Coopery, c. 1785 (from Ledoux, L’ Architecture, 1)
[2 (C)]L.-E. Boullée: Project for City Hall, c. 1785 (H. Rosenau)
[3]Sir John Soane: London, Bank of England, Consols Office, 1794 (F. R. Yerbury)
[4 (A)]Sir John Soane: London, Bank of England, Waiting Room Court, 1804 (F. R. Yerbury)
[4 (B)]C. F. Hansen: Copenhagen, Vor Frue Kirke, 1811-29 (Kongelige Bibliotek, Copenhagen)
[5]Benjamin H. Latrobe: Baltimore, Catholic Cathedral, 1805-18 (J. H. Schaefer & Son)
[6 (A)]Sir John Soane: Tyringham, Buckinghamshire, Entrance Gate, 1792-7 (Soane Museum)
[6 (B)]Percier and Fontaine: Paris, Rue de Rivoli, 1802-55 (A. Leconte)
[7]J.-F.-T. Chalgrin and others: Paris, Arc de Triomphe de l’Étoile, 1806-35 (Giraudon)
[8 (A)]Thomas de Thomon: Petersburg, Bourse, 1804-16 (Courtesy of T. J. McCormick)
[8 (B)]A.-T. Brongniart and others: Paris, Bourse, 1808-15 (R. Viollet)
[9 (A)]Friedrich Gilly: Project for monument to Frederick the Great, 1797 (F. Stoedtner)
[9 (B)]Leo von Klenze: Munich, Glyptothek, 1816-30 (F. Kaufmann)
[10 (A)]Friedrich Weinbrenner: Karlsruhe, Marktplatz, 1804-24 (Staatliches Amt für Denkmalpflege, Karlsruhe)
[10 (B)]Friedrich von Gärtner: Munich, Ludwigskirche and Staatsbibliothek, 1829-40 and 1831-40 (from an engraving by E. Rauch)
[11 (A)]Heinrich Hübsch: Baden-Baden, Trinkhalle, 1840 (H. Kuhn)
[11 (B)]Wimmel & Forsmann: Hamburg, Johanneum, 1836-9 (E. Gorsten)
[12]K. F. von Schinkel: Berlin, Schauspielhaus, 1819-21
[13]K. F. von Schinkel: Berlin, Altes Museum, 1824-8
[14 (A)]K. F. von Schinkel: Potsdam, Court Gardener’s House, 1829-31
[14 (B)]G. L. F. Laves: Hanover, Opera House, 1845-52 (H. Wagner)
[15]Ludwig Persius: Potsdam, Friedenskirche, 1845-8
[16 (A)]Leo von Klenze: Regensburg (nr), Walhalla, 1831-42 (from Klenze, Walhalla, plate VI)
[16 (B)]M. G. B. Bindesbøll: Copenhagen, Thorwaldsen Museum, Court, 1839-48 (Jonals)
[17 (A)]Friedrich von Gärtner: Athens, Old Palace, 1837-41 (Tensi)
[17 (B)]Peter Speeth: Würzburg, Frauenzuchthaus, 1809 (F. Stoedtner)
[18 (A)]P.-F.-L. Fontaine: Paris, Chapelle Expiatoire, 1816-24 (Archives Photographiques—Paris)
[18 (B)]L.-H. Lebas: Paris, Notre-Dame-de-Lorette, 1823-36 (Archives Photographiques—Paris)
[19]J.-B. Lepère and J.-I. Hittorff: Paris, Saint-Vincent-de-Paul, 1824-44 (from Paris dans sa splendeur)
[20]Douillard Frères: Nantes, Hospice Général, 1832-6 (from Gourlier, Choix d’édifices publics, III)
[21]H.-P.-F. Labrouste: Paris, Bibliothèque Sainte-Geneviève, 1843-50 (Bulloz)
[22 (A)]É.-H. Godde and J.-B. Lesueur: Paris, extension of Hôtel de Ville, 1837-49 (from a contemporary lithograph)
[22 (B)]F.-A. Duquesney: Paris, Gare de l’Est, 1847-52 (Archives Photographiques—Paris)
[23 (A)]Giuseppe Jappelli and Antonio Gradenigo: Padua, Caffè Pedrocchi, 1816-31 (Alinari)
[23 (B)]Antonio Niccolini: Naples, San Carlo Opera House, 1810-12 (Alinari)
[24]Raffaelle Stern: Rome, Vatican Museum, Braccio Nuovo, 1817-21 (D. Anderson)
[25]A. de Simone: Caserta, Royal Palace, Sala di Marte, 1807 (Alinari)
[26 (A)]Pietro Bianchi: Naples, San Francesco di Paola, 1816-24 (Alinari)
[26 (B)]Giuseppe Frizzi and others: Turin, Piazza Vittorio Veneto, laid out in 1818; with Gran Madre di Dio by Ferdinando Bonsignore, 1818-31 (G. Cambursano)
[27 (A)]A. A. Monferran: Petersburg, St Isaac’s Cathedral, 1817-57 (Mansell)
[27 (B)]A. A. Monferran: Petersburg, Alexander Column, 1829; and K. I. Rossi: Petersburg, General Staff Arches, 1819-29 (Courtesy of T. J. McCormick)
[27 (C)]A.-J. Pellechet: Paris, block of flats, 10 Place de la Bourse, 1834 (J. R. Johnson)
[28 (A)]Sir John Soane: London, Royal Hospital, Chelsea, Stables, 1814-17 (N.B.R.)
[28 (B)]Sir John Soane: London, Bank of England, Colonial Office, 1818-23 (F. R. Yerbury)
[29]Alexander Thomson: Glasgow, Caledonia Road Free Church, 1856-7 (T. & R. Annan)
[30]John Nash: London, Piccadilly Circus and Lower Regent Street, 1817-19 (from lithograph by T. S. Boys)
[31]London, Hyde Park Corner: Decimus Burton, Screen, 1825, Arch, 1825; William Wilkins, St George’s Hospital, 1827-8; Benjamin Dean Wyatt, Apsley House, 1828 (from lithograph by T. S. Boys)
[32]John Nash and James Thomson: London, Regent’s Park, Cumberland Terrace, 1826-7 (A. F. Kersting)
[33]Sir Robert Smirke: London, British Museum, south front, completed 1847 (A. F. Kersting)
[34 (A)]H. L. Elmes: Liverpool, St George’s Hall, 1841-54 (Hulton Picture Library)
[34 (B)]W. H. Playfair: Edinburgh, Royal Scottish Institution, National Gallery of Scotland, and Free Church College, 1822-36, 1850-4, and 1846-50 (F. C. Inglis)
[35 (A)]Alexander Thomson: Glasgow, Moray Place, Strathbungo, 1859 (T. & R. Annan)
[35 (B)]Sir Charles Barry: London, Travellers’ Club and Reform Club, 1830-2 and 1838-40 (N.B.R.)
[36]J. W. Wild: London, Christ Church, Streatham, 1840-2 (J. R. Johnson)
[37 (A)]Sir Charles Barry: original design for Highclere Castle, Hampshire, c. 1840 (S. W. Newbery)
[37 (B)]Cuthbert Brodrick: Leeds, Corn Exchange, 1860-3 (N.B.R.)
[38 (A)]Robert Mills: Washington, Treasury Department, 1836-42 (Horydczak)
[38 (B)]Thomas Jefferson: Charlottesville, Va. University of Virginia, 1817-26 (F. Nichols)
[39 (A)]Thomas U. Walter and others: Columbus, Ohio, State Capitol, 1839-61 (Ohio Development and Publicity Commission)
[39 (B)]James C. Bucklin: Providence, R.I., Washington Buildings, 1843 (F. Hacker)
[40]William Strickland: Philadelphia, Merchants’ Exchange, 1832-4 (Historical Society of Pennsylvania)
[41]Isaiah Rogers: Boston, Tremont House, 1828-9 (from Eliot, A Description of the Tremont House)
[42 (A)]A. J. Davis: New York, Colonnade Row, 1832 (W. Andrews)
[42 (B)]Russell Warren: Newport, R.I., Elmhyrst, c. 1833 (from Hitchcock, Rhode Island Architecture)
[43 (A)]Henry A. Sykes: Springfield, Mass., Stebbins house, 1849 (R.E. Pope)
[43 (B)]Alexander Parris: Boston, David Sears house, 1816 (Southworth & Hawes)
[44]Thomas A. Tefft: Providence, R.I., Union Station, begun 1848 (R.I. Historical Society)
[45]Amherst, Mass., Amherst College, Dormitories, 1821-2, Chapel, 1827 (Courtesy of Amherst College)
[46]William Clarke: Utica, N.Y., Insane Asylum, 1837-43 (Courtesy of Munson-Williams-Proctor Institute)
[47 (A)]John Notman: Philadelphia, Atheneum, 1845-7 (W. Andrews)
[47 (B)]J. M. J. Rebelo: Rio de Janeiro, Palacio Itamaratí, 1851-4 (G. E. Kidder Smith)
[48]John Nash: Brighton, Royal Pavilion, as remodelled 1815-23 (N.B.R.)
[49]C. A. Busby: Gwrych Castle, near Abergele, completed 1815
[50 (A)]John Nash: Blaise Hamlet, near Bristol, 1811 (N.B.R.)
[50 (B)]Thomas Rickman and Henry Hutchinson: Cambridge, St John’s College, New Court, 1825-31 (A. C. Barrington Brown)
[51]G. M. Kemp: Edinburgh, Sir Walter Scott Monument, 1840-6 (F. C. Inglis)
[52 (A)]A. W. N. Pugin: Cheadle, Staffordshire, St Giles’s, 1841-6 (M. Whiffen)
[52 (B)]Sir G. G. Scott: Hamburg, Nikolaikirche, 1845-63 (Staatliche Landesbildstelle, Hamburg)
[53 (A)]Richard Upjohn: New York, Trinity Church, c. 1844-6 (W. Andrews)
[53 (B)]Richard Upjohn: Utica, N.Y., City Hall, 1852-3 (H. Lott)
[54]Sir Charles Barry: London, Houses of Parliament, 1840-65 (A. F. Kersting)
[55 (A)]Salem, Mass., First Unitarian (North) Church, 1836-7 (Courtesy of Essex Institute, Salem)
[55 (B)]F.-C. Gau and Théodore Ballu: Paris, Sainte-Clotilde, 1846-57 (from Paris dans sa splendeur)
[56]E.-E. Viollet-le-Duc: Paris, block of flats, 28 Rue de Liège, 1846-8 (J. R. Johnson)
[57 (A)]Alexis de Chateauneuf and Fersenfeld: Hamburg, Petrikirche, 1843-9
[57 (B)]G. A. Demmler and F. A. Stüler: Schwerin, Schloss, 1844-57 (Institut für Denkmalpflege, Schwerin)
[58 (A)]John Nash: Brighton, Royal Pavilion, Kitchen, 1818-21 (Brighton Corporation)
[58 (B)]Thomas Telford: Menai Strait, Menai Bridge, 1819-24 (W. Scott)
[59]Thomas Telford: Craigellachie Bridge, 1815 (A. Reiach)
[60 (A)]John A. Roebling: Niagara Falls, Suspension Bridge, 1852 (Courtesy of Eastman House)
[60 (B)]Thomas Hopper: London, Carlton House, Conservatory, 1811-12 (from Pyne, Royal Residences, III)
[61]Robert Stephenson and Francis Thompson: Menai Strait, Britannia Bridge, 1845-50 (Hulton Picture Library)
[62 (A)]Grisart & Froehlicher: Paris, Galeries du Commerce et de l’Industrie, section, 1838 (from Normand, Paris Moderne, II)
[62 (B)]Robert Stephenson and Francis Thompson: Derby, Trijunct Railway Station, 1839-41 (from Russell, Nature on Stone)
[63]J. B. Bunning: London, Coal Exchange, 1846-9 (from Builder, 29 Sept. 1849)
[64]Sir Joseph Paxton and Fox & Henderson: London, Crystal Palace, 1850-1 (from Builder, 4 Jan. 1851)
[65]I. K. Brunel and Sir M. D. Wyatt: London, Paddington Station, 1852-4 (from Illustrated London News, 8 July 1854)
[66 (A)]Lewis Cubitt: London, King’s Cross Station, 1851-2 (British Railways)
[66 (B)]Karl Etzel: Vienna, Dianabad, 1841-3 (from Allgemeine Bauzeitung, 1843)
[67 (A)]Decimus Burton and Richard Turner: Kew, Palm Stove, 1845-7 (N.B.R.)
[67 (B)]James Bogardus; New York, Laing Stores, 1849 (B. Abbott)
[68]L.-T.-J. Visconti and H.-M. Lefuel: Paris, New Louvre, 1852-7 (Giraudon)
[69]H.-P.-F. Labrouste: Paris, Bibliothèque Nationale, Reading Room, 1862-8 (Chevojon)
[70 (A)]H.-J. Espérandieu: Marseilles, Palais Longchamps, 1862-9 (R. Viollet)
[70 (B)]J.-L.-C. Garnier: Paris, Opéra, 1861-74 (Édition Alfa)
[70 (C)]Charles Rohault de Fleury and Henri Blondel: Paris, Place de l’Opéra, 1858-64 (Chevojon)
[71]J.-L.-C. Garnier: Paris, Opéra, Foyer, 1861-74 (Bulloz)
[72 (A)]J.-A.-E. Vaudremer: Paris, Saint-Pierre-de-Montrouge, 1864-70 (R. Viollet)
[72 (B)]J.-F. Duban: Paris, École des Beaux-Arts, 1860-2 (Giraudon)
[73 (A)]Gottfried Semper and Karl von Hasenauer: Vienna, Burgtheater, 1874-88 (Österreichische Nationalbibliothek)
[73 (B)]Theophil von Hansen: Vienna, Heinrichshof, 1861-3 (from a water-colour by Rudolf von Alt)
[74]Vienna, Ringstrasse, begun 1858 (from a water-colour by Rudolf von Alt)
[75 (A)]A.-F. Mortier: Paris, block of flats, 11 Rue de Milan, c. 1860 (J. R. Johnson)
[75 (B)]Giuseppe Mengoni: Milan, Galleria Vittorio Emmanuele, 1865-77 (Alinari)
[76 (A)]Gaetano Koch: Rome, Esedra, 1885 (Fotorapida Terni)
[76 (B)]J.-A.-F.-A. Pellechet: Barnard Castle, Co. Durham, Bowes Museum, 1869-75 (Copyright Country Life)
[77 (A)]Friedrich Hitzig: Berlin, Exchange, 1859-63 (F. Stoedtner)
[77 (B)]Julius Raschdorf: Cologne, Opera House, 1870-2 (Courtesy of Rheinisches Museum, Cologne)
[78 (A)]Cuthbert Brodrick: Leeds, Town Hall, 1855-9 (N.B.R.)
[78 (B)]Sir Charles Barry: Halifax, Town Hall, 1860-2 (N.B.R.)
[79]Cuthbert Brodrick: Scarborough, Grand Hotel, 1863-7 (Walkers Studios)
[80 (A)]John Giles: London, Langham Hotel, 1864-6 (Bedford Lemere)
[80 (B)]London, 1-5 Grosvenor Place, begun 1867 (N.B.R.)
[81]Joseph Poelaert: Brussels, Palace of Justice, 1866-83 (Archives Centrales Iconographiques, Brussels)
[82 (A)]Thomas U. Walter: Washington, Capitol, Wings and Dome, 1851-65; Central Block by William Thornton and others, 1792-1828 (from American Architect, 30 Jan. 1904)
[82 (B)]Arthur B. Mullet; Arthur Gilman consultant: Washington, State, War and Navy Department Building, 1871-5 (Horydczak)
[83 (A)]Sir M. D. Wyatt: London, Alford House, 1872 (Victoria and Albert Museum, Crown Copyright)
[83 (B)]Francis Fowke: London, Victoria and Albert Museum, Court, begun 1866 (Victoria and Albert Museum, Crown Copyright)
[84]Georg von Dollmann: Schloss Linderhof, near Oberammergau, 1870-86 (L. Aufsberg)
[85]William Butterfield: London, All Saints’, Margaret Street, interior, 1849-59 (S.W. Newbery)
[86 (A)]William Butterfield: London, All Saints’, Margaret Street, Schools and Clergy House, 1849-59 (S.W. Newbery)
[86 (B)]Deane & Woodward: Oxford, University Museum, 1855-9
[87]William Butterfield: Baldersby St James, Yorkshire, St James’s, 1856 (R. Cox)
[88]William Burges: Hartford, Conn., project for Trinity College, 1873 (from Pullan, Architectural Designs of William Burges)
[89 (A)]Henry Clutton: Leamington, Warwickshire, St Peter’s, 1861-5 (J. E. Duggins)
[89 (B)]James Brooks: London, St Saviour’s, Hoxton, 1865-7 (N.B.R.)
[90]Sir G. G. Scott: London, Albert Memorial, 1863-72 (A. F. Kersting)
[91 (A)]J. P. Seddon: Aberystwyth, University College, begun 1864 (N.B.R.)
[91 (B)]H. H. Richardson: Medford, Mass., Grace Church, 1867-8 (from American Architect, 8 Feb. 1890)
[92 (A)]E. W. Godwin: Congleton, Cheshire, Town Hall, 1864-7 (N.B.R.)
[92 (B)]G. F. Bodley: Pendlebury, Lancashire, St Augustine’s, 1870-4 (N.B.R.)
[93 (A)]J. L. Pearson: London, St Augustine’s, Kilburn, 1870-80 (N.B.R.)
[93 (B)]Edmund E. Scott: Brighton, St Bartholomew’s, completed 1875 (N.B.R.)
[94 (A)]R. Norman Shaw: Bingley, Yorkshire, Holy Trinity, 1866-7 (N.B.R.)
[94 (B)]G. E. Street: London, St James the Less, Thorndike Street, 1858-61 (N.B.R.)
[95 (A)]Ware & Van Brunt: Cambridge, Mass., Memorial Hall, 1870-8 (J. K. Ufford)
[95 (B)]Frank Furness: Philadelphia, Provident Life and Trust Company, 1879 (J. L. Dillon & Co.)
[96 (A)]Russell Sturgis: New Haven, Conn., Yale College, Farnam Hall, 1869-70 (C. L. V. Meeks)
[96 (B)]Antoni Gaudí: Barcelona, Palau Güell, 1885-9 (Arxiu Mas)
[97 (A)]Fuller & Jones: Ottawa, Canada, Parliament House, 1859-67 (Courtesy of Public Archives of Canada)
[97 (B)]William Morris and Philip Webb: London, Victoria and Albert Museum, Refreshment Room, 1867 (Victoria and Albert Museum, Crown copyright)
[98]E.-E. Viollet-le-Duc: St-Denis, Seine, Saint-Denys-de-l’Estrée, 1864-7 (Archives Photographiques—Paris)
[99 (A)]Heinrich von Ferstel: Vienna, Votivkirche, 1856-79 (P. Ledermann)
[99 (B)]Friedrich von Schmidt: Vienna, Fünfhaus Parish Church, 1868-75 (Österreichische Nationalbibliothek)
[100]G. E. Street: Rome, St Paul’s American Church, 1873-6 (Alinari)
[101 (A)]E.-E. Viollet-le-Duc: Paris, block of flats, 15 Rue de Douai, c. 1860 (J. R. Johnson)
[101 (B)]P. J. H. Cuijpers: Amsterdam, Maria Magdalenakerk, 1887 (Lichtbeelden Instituut)
[101 (C)]P. J. H. Cuijpers: Amsterdam, Rijksmuseum, 1877-85 (J. G. van Agtmaal)
[102 (A)]Philip Webb: Smeaton Manor, Yorkshire, 1877-9 (O. H. Wicksteed)
[102 (B)]R. Norman Shaw: Withyham, Sussex, Glen Andred, 1866-7 (Courtesy of F. Goodwin)
[103]R. Norman Shaw: London, Old Swan House, 1876 (Bedford Lemere)
[104 (A)]R. Norman Shaw: London, Albert Hall Mansions, 1879 (N.B.R.)
[104 (B)]George & Peto: London, W. S. Gilbert house, 1882 (Bedford Lemere)
[105]R. Norman Shaw: London, Fred White house, 1887 (Bedford Lemere)
[106 (A)]R. Norman Shaw: London, Holy Trinity, Latimer Road, 1887-9 (N.B.R.)
[106 (B)]R. Norman Shaw: London, New Scotland Yard, 1887 (Bedford Lemere)
[107]R. Norman Shaw: London, Piccadilly Hotel, 1905-8 (Bedford Lemere)
[108 (A)]H. H. Richardson: Boston, Trinity Church, 1873-7 (from Van Rensselaer, Henry Hobson Richardson, 1888)
[108 (B)]H. H. Richardson: Pittsburgh, Penna., Allegheny County Jail, 1884-8
[109 (A)]Charles B. Atwood: Chicago, World’s Fair, Fine Arts Building, 1892-3 (from American Architect, 22 Oct. 1892)
[109 (B)]McKim, Mead & White: New York, Villard houses, 1883-5 (from Monograph, 1)
[110]H. H. Richardson: Quincy, Mass., Crane Library, 1880-3 (W. Andrews)
[111]McKim, Mead & White: Boston, Public Library, 1888-92 (W. Andrews)
[112 (A)]C. R. Cockerell: Liverpool, Bank Chambers, 1849 (J. R. Johnson)
[112 (B)]Alexander Parris: Boston, North Market Street, designed 1823 (B. Abbott)
[113]E. W. Godwin: Bristol, 104 Stokes Croft, c. 1862 (N.B.R.)
[114 (A)]Peter Ellis: Liverpool, Oriel Chambers, 1864-5 (N.B.R.)
[114 (B)]Lockwood & Mawson(?): Bradford, Yorkshire, Kassapian’s Warehouse, c. 1862 (N.B.R.)
[115 (A)]George B. Post: New York, Western Union Building, 1873-5 (Courtesy of Museum of the City of New York)
[115 (B)]D. H. Burnham & Co.: Chicago, Reliance Building, 1894 (Chicago Architectural Photographing Co.)
[116 (A)]H. H. Richardson: Hartford, Conn., Brown-Thompson Department Store (Cheney Block), 1875-6
[116 (B)]H. H. Richardson: Chicago, Marshall Field Wholesale Store, 1885-7 (Chicago Architectural Photographing Co.)
[117 (A)]Adler & Sullivan: Chicago, Auditorium Building, 1887-9 (Chicago Architectural Photographing Co.)
[117 (B)]William Le B. Jenney: Chicago, Sears, Roebuck & Co. (Leiter) Building, 1889-90 (Chicago Architectural Photographing Co.)
[118]Adler & Sullivan: St Louis, Wainwright Building, 1890-1 (Bill Hedrich, Hedrich-Blessing)
[119]Adler & Sullivan: Buffalo, N.Y., Guaranty Building, 1894-5 (Chicago Architectural Photographing Co.)
[120]Holabird & Roche; Louis H. Sullivan: Chicago, 19-20 South Michigan Avenue; Gage Building, 1898-9 (Chicago Architectural Photographing Co.)
[121]Louis H. Sullivan: Chicago, Carson, Pirie & Scott Department Store, 1899-1901, 1903-4 (Chicago Architectural Photographing Co.)
[122 (A)]J. B. Papworth: ‘Cottage Orné’, 1818 (from Rural Residences, plate XIII)
[122 (B)]William Butterfield: Coalpitheath, Gloucestershire, St Saviour’s Vicarage, 1844-5 (N.B.R.)
[123]R. Norman Shaw: nr Withyham, Sussex, Leyswood, 1868 (from Building News, 31 March 1871)
[124 (A)]Dudley Newton: Middletown, R.I., Sturtevant house, 1872 (W. K. Covell)
[124 (B)]H. H. Richardson: Cambridge, Mass., Stoughton house, 1882-3 (from Sheldon, Artistic Country Seats, 1)
[125 (A)]McKim, Mead & White: Elberon, N.J., H. Victor Newcomb house, 1880-1 (from Artistic Houses, 2, Pt I)
[125 (B)]Bruce Price: Tuxedo Park, N.Y., Pierre Lorillard house, 1885-6 (from Sheldon, Artistic Country Seats, II)
[126]McKim, Mead & White: Newport R.I., Isaac Bell, Jr, house, 1881-2
[127]McKim, Mead & White: Bristol, R.I., W. G. Low house, 1887
[128 (A)]Frank Lloyd Wright: River Forest, Ill., W. H. Winslow house, 1893
[128 (B)]Frank Lloyd Wright: River Forest, Ill., River Forest Golf Club, 1898, 1901 (from Ausgeführte Bauten und Entwürfe, 1910, pl. xi)
[129 (A)]C. F. A. Voysey: Hog’s Back, Surrey, Julian Sturgis house, elevation, 1896 (Courtesy of Royal Institute of British Architects)
[129 (B)]C. F. A. Voysey: Lake Windermere, Broadleys, 1898-9 (Courtesy of J. Brandon-Jones)
[130 (A)]Gustave Eiffel: Paris, Eiffel Tower, 1887-9 (N. D. Giraudon)
[130 (B)]Baron Victor Horta: Brussels, Tassel house, 1892-3
[131 (A)]Baron Victor Horta: Brussels, Solvay house, 1895-1900 (Archives Centrales Iconographiques, Brussels)
[131 (B)]Baron Victor Horta: Brussels, L’Innovation Department Store, 1901 (F. Stoedtner)
[132 (A)]C. R. Mackintosh: Glasgow, School of Art, 1897-9 (T. & R. Annan)
[132 (B)]Baron Victor Horta: Brussels, Maison du Peuple, interior, 1896-9 (F. Stoedtner)
[133]Frantz Jourdain: Paris, Samaritaine Department Store, 1905 (from L’Architecte, II, 1906, plate X)
[134 (A)]Auguste Perret: Paris, block of flats, 119 Avenue Wagram, 1902 (from L’Architecte, I, 1906, plate XIV)
[134 (B)]C. Harrison Townsend: London, Whitechapel Art Gallery, 1897-9 (from Muthesius, Englische Baukunst der Gegenwart)
[135 (A)]C. R. Mackintosh: Glasgow, School of Art, 1907-8 (T. & R. Annan)
[135 (B)]Antoni Gaudí: Barcelona, Casa Milá, ground storey, 1905-7 (Arxiu Mas)
[136]Antoni Gaudí: Barcelona, Casa Batlló, front, 1905-7 (Arxiu Mas)
[137 (A)]Antoni Gaudí: Barcelona, Casa Milá, 1905-7 (Soberanas Postales)
[137 (B)]Hector Guimard: Paris, Gare du Métropolitain, Place Bastille, 1900 (R. Viollet)
[138 (A)]Otto Wagner: Vienna, Majolika Haus, c. 1898 (from L’Architecte, I, 1905)
[138 (B)]H. P. Berlage: London, Holland House, 1914 (from Gratama, Dr H. P. Berlage, Bouwmeester)
[139 (A)]Auguste Perret: Paris, Garage Ponthieu, 1905-6 (F. Stoedtner)
[139 (B)]Place de la Porte de Passy, 1930-2 (Chevojon)
[140 (A)]Auguste Perret: Le Havre, Place de l’Hôtel de Ville, 1948-54 (Chevojon)
[140 (B)]Auguste Perret: Paris, Ministry of Marine, Avenue Victor, 1929-30 (Chevojon)
[141]Auguste Perret: Le Rainey, S.-et-O., Notre-Dame, 1922-3 (Chevojon)
[142 (A)]Frank Lloyd Wright: Kankakee, Ill., Warren Hickox house, 1900
[142 (B)]Frank Lloyd Wright: Highland Park, Ill., W. W. Willitts house, 1902 (Fuermann)
[143 (A)]Frank Lloyd Wright: Delavan Lake, Wis., C. S. Ross house, 1902
[143 (B)]Frank Lloyd Wright: Oak Park, Ill., Unity Church, 1906 (Russo)
[144]Frank Lloyd Wright: Pasadena, Cal., Mrs G. M. Millard house, 1923 (W. Albert Martin)
[145 (A)]Frank Lloyd Wright: Falling Water, Pennsylvania, 1936-7 (Hedrich-Blessing Studio)
[145 (B)]Frank Lloyd Wright: Pleasantville, N.Y., Sol Friedman house, 1948-9 (Ezra Stoller)
[146 (A)]Frank Lloyd Wright: Racine, Wisconsin, S. C. Johnson and Sons, Administration Building and Laboratory Tower, 1936-9 and 1946-9 (Ezra Stoller)
[146 (B)]Bernard Maybeck: Berkeley, Cal., Christian Science Church, 1910 (W. Andrews)
[147 (A)]Greene & Greene: Pasadena, Cal., D. B. Gamble house, 1908-9 (W. Andrews)
[147 (B)]Irving Gill: Los Angeles, Walter Dodge house, 1915-16 (E. McCoy)
[148 (A)]Peter Behrens: Berlin, A.E.G. Small Motors Factory, 1910 (F. Stoedtner)
[148 (B)]Peter Behrens: Hagen-Eppenhausen, Cuno and Schröder houses, 1909-10 (F. Stoedtner)
[149 (A)]Peter Behrens: Berlin, A.E.G. Turbine Factory, 1909 (F. Stoedtner)
[149 (B)]Max Berg: Breslau, Jahrhunderthalle, 1910-12 (F. Stoedtner)
[150]H. P. Berlage: Amsterdam, Diamond Workers’ Union Building, 1899-1900 (Lichtbeelden Instituut)
[151]Adolf Loos: Vienna, Kärntner Bar, 1907 (Gerlach)
[152]Bonatz & Scholer: Stuttgart, Railway Station, 1911-14, 1919-27 (Windstosser)
[153 (A)]Fritz Höger: Hamburg, Chilehaus, 1923 (Staatliche Landesbildstelle, Hamburg)
[153 (B)]Erich Mendelsohn: Neubabelsberg, Einstein Tower, 1921 (F. Stoedtner)
[154 (A)]Josef Hoffmann: Brussels, Stoclet house, 1905-11 (Archives Centrales Iconographiques, Brussels)
[154 (B)]Otto Wagner: Vienna, Postal Savings Bank, 1904-6 (Österreichische Nationalbibliothek)
[155 (A)]Adolf Loos: Vienna, Gustav Scheu house, 1912 (from Glück, Adolf Loos)
[155 (B)]Adolf Loos: Vienna, Leopold Langer flat, 1901 (from Glück, Adolf Loos)
[156 (A)]Piet Kramer: Amsterdam, De Dageraad housing estate, 1918-23 (Lichtbeelden Instituut)
[156 (B)]Michael de Klerk: Amsterdam, Eigen Haard housing estate, 1917 (Lichtbeelden Instituut)
[157 (A)]W. M. Dudok: Hilversum, Dr Bavinck School, 1921 (C. A. Deul)
[157 (B)]Saarinen & Saarinen: Minneapolis, Minn., Christ Lutheran Church, 1949-50 (G. M. Ryan)
[158 (A)]Walter Gropius with Adolf Meyer: Project for Chicago Tribune Tower, 1922 (W. Gropius)
[158 (B)]Walter Gropius and Adolf Meyer: Alfeld-an-der-Leine, Fagus Factory, 1911 (Museum of Modern Art)
[159]Le Corbusier: Poissy, S.-et-O., Savoye house 1929-30 (L. Hervé)
[160 (A)]Le Corbusier: Second project for Citrohan house, 1922 (from Le Corbusier, Œuvre complète, I)
[160 (B)]Le Corbusier: Garches, S.-et-O., Les Terrasses, 1927 (Museum of Modern Art)
[161 (A)]Walter Gropius: Dessau, Bauhaus, 1925-6 (Museum of Modern Art)
[161 (B)]Walter Gropius: Dessau, City Employment Office, 1927-8 (Museum of Modern Art)
[162 (A)]Walter Gropius: Berlin, Siemensstadt housing estate, 1929-30 (Museum of Modern Art)
[162 (B)]Ludwig Mies van der Rohe: Stuttgart, block of flats, Weissenhof 1927 (Museum of Modern Art)
[163 (A)]Brinkman & van der Vlugt: Rotterdam, van Nelle Factory, 1927 (E. M. van Ojen)
[163 (B)]J. J. P. Oud: Hook of Holland, housing estate, 1926-7 (Museum of Modern Art)
[164 (A)]J. J. P. Oud: Rotterdam, church, Kiefhoek housing estate, 1928-30 (Museum of Modern Art)
[164 (B)]Gerrit Rietveld: Utrecht, Schroeder house, 1924 (F. Stoedtner)
[165 (A)]Ludwig Mies van der Rohe: Barcelona, German Exhibition Pavilion, 1929 (F. Stoedtner)
[165 (B)]Le Corbusier: Paris, Swiss Hostel, Cité Universitaire, 1931-2 (L. Hervé)
[166]Le Corbusier: Marseilles, Unité d’Habitation, 1946-52 (Éditions de France)
[167]Le Corbusier: Ronchamp, Hte-Saône, Notre-Dame-du-Haut, 1950-4 (L. Hervé)
[168 (A)]Le Corbusier: Éveux-sur-L’Arbresle, Rhône, Dominican monastery of La Tourette, 1957-61 (C. Michael Pearson)
[168 (B)]Eero Saarinen: Warren, Mich., General Motors Technical Institute, 1951-5 (Ezra Stoller)
[169]Howe & Lescaze: Philadelphia, Philadelphia Savings Fund Society Building, 1932 (Museum of Modern Art)
[170]Ludwig Mies van der Rohe: Chicago, Ill., blocks of flats, 845-60 Lake Shore Drive, 1949-51 (Hube Henry, Hedrich-Blessing)
[171]Lúcio Costa, Oscar Niemeyer, and others (Le Corbusier consultant): Rio de Janeiro, Ministry of Education and Health, 1937-43 (G. E. Kidder Smith)
[172 (A)]Giuseppe Terragni: Como, Casa del Fascio, 1932-6 (G. E. Kidder Smith)
[172 (B)]Tecton: London, Regent’s Park Zoo, Penguin Pool, 1933-5 (Museum of Modern Art)
[173 (A)]Martin Nyrop: Copenhagen, Town Hall, 1893-1902 (F. R. Yerbury)
[173 (B)]Alvar Aalto: Säynatsälo, Municipal Buildings, 1951-3 (M. Quantrill)
[174 (A)]Ragnar Östberg: Stockholm, Town Hall, 1909-23 (Lindquist and Svandesson)
[174 (B)]Ragnar Östberg: Stockholm, Town Hall, 1909-23 (Lindquist and Svandesson)
[175 (A)]Sigfrid Ericson: Göteborg, Masthugg Church, 1910-14 (Courtesy of G. Paulsson)
[175 (B)]P. V. Jensen Klint: Copenhagen, Grundvig Church, 1913, 1921-6 (F. R. Yerbury)
[176 (A)]E. G. Asplund: Stockholm City Library, 1921-8 (F. R. Yerbury)
[176 (B)]Edward Thomsen and G. B. Hagen: Gentofte Komune, Øregaard School, 1923-4 (F. R. Yerbury)
[177 (A)]Cram & Ferguson: Princeton, N.J., Graduate College, completed 1913 (E. Menzies)
[177 (B)]Reed & Stem and Warren & Wetmore: New York, Grand Central Station, 1903-13 (New York Central Railroad)
[178]Cass Gilbert: New York, Woolworth Building, 1913 (J. H. Heffren)
[179]McKim, Mead & White: New York, University Club, 1899-1900 (from Monograph, II)
[180]Henry Bacon: Washington, Lincoln Memorial, completed 1917 (Horydczak)
[181]Sir Edwin Lutyens: Delhi, Viceroy’s House, 1920-31 (Copyright Country Life)
[182 (A)]Alvar Aalto: Muuratsälo, architect’s own house, 1953 (Kolmio)
[182 (B)]Sir Edwin Lutyens: Sonning, Deanery Gardens, 1901 (Copyright Country Life)
[183 (A)]Victor Laloux: Paris, Gare d’Orsay, 1898-1900 (F. Stoedtner)
[183 (B)]Eugenio Montuori and others: Rome, Termini Station, completed 1951 (Fototeca Centrale F.S.)
[184]Carlos Lazo and others: Mexico City, University City, begun c. 1950 (R. T. McKenna)
[185 (A)]Kay Fisker and Eske Kristensen: Copenhagen, Kongegården Estate, 1955-6 (Strüwing)
[185 (B)]Eero Saarinen: New Haven, Conn., Ezra Stiles and Samuel F. B. Morse College, 1960-2 (J. W. Molitor)
[186 (A)]James Cubitt & Partners: Langleybury, Hertfordshire, school, 1955-6 (Architectural Design)
[186 (B)]London County Council Architect’s Office: London, Loughborough Road housing estate, 1954-6 (Architectural Review)
[187 (A)]Kenzo Tange: Totsuka, Country Club, c. 1960 (Y. Futagawa)
[187 (B)]Kunio Maekawa: Tokyo, Metropolitan Festival Hall, 1961 (Akio Kawasumi)
[188 (A)]
and
[(B)]		Frank Lloyd Wright: New York, Guggenheim Museum, (1943-6), 1956-9 (Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum)
[189]Skidmore, Owings & Merrill (Gordon Bunshaft): New York, Lever House, 1950-2 (Ezra Stoller)
[190 (A)]Philip C. Johnson: New Canaan, Conn., Boissonas house, 1955-6 (Ezra Stoller)
[190 (B)]Eero Saarinen: Chantilly, Va., Dulles International Airport, 1960-3 (B. Korab)
[190 (C)]Oscar Niemeyer: Pampulha, São Francisco, 1943 (M. Gautherot)
[191]Hentrich & Petschnigg: Düsseldorf, Thyssen Haus, 1958-60 (Arno Wrubel)
[192]Ludwig Mies van der Rohe and Philip Johnson: New York, Seagram Building, 1956-8 (A. Georges)

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

My Modern Architecture: Romanticism and Reintegration appeared in 1929. It was an early attempt to relate the newest architecture of the nineteen-twenties to that of the preceding century and a half. In the thirty years that followed I have studied, in varying degrees of detail, many aspects of the story of architecture in the last two hundred years, from the ‘Romantic’ gardens of the mid eighteenth century to Latin-American building of the mid twentieth. In the process debts of gratitude have accumulated that can never be discharged, least of all here. Moreover, immediately before writing this book I visited a dozen countries in the New World, and during its composition in London—made possible by a sabbatical leave from Smith College for the academic year 1955-6—I visited another dozen in the Old World. It would be manifestly impossible even to list all those—first of all in England and America, but also all the way from Athens to Bogotá—who assisted me in various ways in the gathering of material. They will, I trust, understand and accept this generalized expression of my thanks.

Not least of the problems of preparing such a book as this is the finding of photographs. The names of the photographers responsible for the plates (or in a few cases those who obtained photographs for me) are given in the list of plates. The material for the figures, mostly redrawn for this book by P. J. Darvall, came largely from books and drawings in the libraries of the Royal Institute of British Architects and the Victoria and Albert Museum, to whose authorities my thanks are due, as also for notable assistance of various other sorts. The co-operation of the National Buildings Record, which was generously ready to add to their so extensive files photographs newly taken for use in this book, deserves specific mention here. In certain other cases I am not quite sure whether photographs were taken especially for me or not, but I must express gratitude in this connexion also to Professor Frederick D. Nichols of the University of Virginia, to the Staatliche Landesbildstelle of Hamburg, to the Institut für Denkmalpflege of Schwerin, and to Professor Donald Egbert of Princeton University.

The notes indicate a considerable number of the fellow scholars who have assisted me in one way or another. But I would like to mention more particularly the following, who were good enough to read chapters or sections covering matters of which they had expert knowledge: John Summerson, Dorothy Stroud, John Brandon-Jones, Fello Atkinson, Robin Middleton, Turpin Bannister, Winston Weisman, James Grady, William Jordy, and Reyner Banham, not to speak of the Editor of the Pelican History of Art, whose contribution in a field especially his own was naturally of the utmost value. Needless to say these friends bear no responsibility for what appears here, but the importance of their contribution will often be very apparent in the notes. Robert Rosenblum did a very large part of the work of gathering the bibliography, a notable service to the author of a book such as this, as well as checking innumerable note references.