The County: The 'Dark Continent' of American Politics - Henry S. Gilbertson

Nassau County, N. Y., work of County Association in, [7];
recommendations of official commission in, for county home rule, [148]
National Municipal League, its report on city-county consolidation, [153], [154]
Nebraska, alternative plans of county organization in, [21];
activity of bridge builders in legislature of, [102];
county libraries in, [199]
Nevada, uniform accounting law in, [122]
New England, influences operating on local government in, [17];
formation of first counties in, [18];
county-town relations in, [143]
New Hampshire, limited powers of commissioners in, [37]-[38];
convention, powers and duties of, [38];
lack of accounting law in, [122];
appointive judiciary in, [131]
New Jersey, local assessors in, [19];
office of supervisor in, [39]-[40];
law affecting sheriff’s appointments, [52];
extent of merit system in counties of, [52];
insane in penal institutions of, [87];
county legislation in, [115]-[116];
state civil service regulation in, [127];
the surrogate in, [130];
appointive judiciary in, [131];
optional county government forms in, [147];
see [Essex County], [Hudson County]
New Mexico, establishment of county system in, [22];
uniform accounting law in, [122]
New York (city), special legislation for counties of, [117];
abolition of coroners in, [134];
city-county consolidation proposals in, [152];
extent of city-county consolidation in, [156]-[157];
metropolitan district compared to London, [164]
New York (county), large fees of sheriff in, [51]
New York (state), counties of, discussed in constitutional convention, [2]-[3];
supervisors in towns of, [19];
elective method applied to sheriffs and county clerks in, [29];
district attorneys and county judges made elective in, [29];
extent of merit system in counties of, [52];
legal relation of sheriff to his deputies in, [52]-[53];
requirements as to county advertising, [53];
almshouses in, [82];
improvement of condition of poor in, [84];
New England influences in, [104];
enforcement of anti-racing laws in, [106];
under-assessment of taxes by local officers, [109];
equalization of taxes in, [110];
county law in, [114];
uniform reporting law in, [121];
civil service regulation in, [127];
State Board of Charities, its jurisdiction, [128];
comptroller, his powers over county officers in, [128];
the surrogate in, [130];
state prisons in, [137];
first state reformatory in, [137];
“state” poor in, [138];
committee on State Police, [139];
highway control in, [142];
County Government Association, its recommendations concerning county home rule, [148];
metropolitan district of, [154];
proposal for county manager in, [178];
classification of county accounts in, [184];
public health movement in, [195];
county libraries in, [199];
see also [Erie County], [Kings County], [Monroe County], [Orange County], [Nassau County], [Prison Assn.], [Westchester County]
New York Times, its proposals for abolishment of counties in New York State, [152]
Niagara County, N. Y., district attorney quoted concerning rural post office robberies, [138]
Niagara Falls, N. Y., city manager plan in, [175]
North Carolina, influence of Virginia precedents on, [19];
lack of accounting law in, [123];
public health movement in, [195];
county physicians in, [195];
home-study clubs in, [204]-[205]
North Dakota, accounting and reporting legislation in, [122]
Northwest, importance of county as unit of government in, [22];
New England influences in, [104]
Nullification, [104]-[111]

Ohio, county-township system in, [20];
county officers in first constitution elective, [28];
extent of merit system in counties of, [52];
pioneer in county reporting, [121]-[122];
state penitentiary in, [137];
highway progress in, [142];
county libraries in, [198]-[199];
see [Cleveland], [Cincinnati], [Darke County]
Oklahoma, uniform accounting law in, [122];
public defender in, [199]
Omaha, long ballot in, owing to elective county officers, [63]
Orange County, N. Y., (County “A”), irregularities of officers of, [70]-[71]
Ordinance of 1787, county officers under, appointive, [28]
Oregon, establishment of counties in, [22];
county local option in, [150];
proposal for county manager in, [178];
county libraries in, [199]

Parks, county system in Essex County, N. J., [163]
Party, organization, importance of county as unit of, [55];
baneful effects upon county administration, [191]
Payments, frequency of illegal, [188]
Pennsylvania, commissioners in, [19];
party organization in, [55];
care of dependent children in, [86]-[87];
treatment of insane in, [88]-[89];
state constabulary in, [140]
Pennybacker, J. E., on highways, [140] et seq.
Philadelphia, classification as an urban county, [154]
Personnel, importance and limitations of, as factor in good government, [67];
administrative, [191];
see [Civil service]
Police, proposed as county function in Alameda County, Cal., [160];
see [Constabulary]
Police functions, county officers unable to perform, in complex communities, [58]
Political boss, origin of, in county government, [47]-[48]
Polk County, Iowa, awarding of bridge contracts in, [100]
Poor, care of, entrusted to county governments, [14]-[15];
former treatment and present scientific handling of, [82];
superintendents of, in N. Y. State, powers of, [85];
overseers of, in N. Y. State, commitments by, [85];
importance of records concerning, [190];
administration of laws dealing with, [200];
see [Missouri], [N. Y. State], [Pennsylvania]
Poverty, prevention of, [201]
Press (county), small circulation, lack of independence, [54];
need for improving, [194]
Prison Association, in New York State, secretary of, quoted, [91]
Prisoners, classification of, [83], [84];
jurisdiction of county over, [90];
classification of, systematically violated, [91];
transfer of certain classes of, to state institutions advocated, [136]-[137]
Probation, importance of records concerning, [190]
Professional politicians, great opportunity of, in obscurity of county government, [47]
Prosecutor, appointment of, advocated, [135];
see [District attorney]
Public defender, the, [199]-[200]
Public Efficiency Society, work of, in Cook County, Ill., [7]
Publicity, importance in county affairs of, [182]
Purchasing, duplication of systems in Milwaukee, [62];
significance of better methods of, [181];
agent, [189];
consolidation of local agencies for, [190], [200], [201]

Qualifications (legal) of county officers, lack of, [50]
Quick, Herbert, on county government in Iowa, [76]-[77];
characterization of county government by, [194]

Race track legislation, enforcement of, by local county officers, [106]-[107]
Readjustments of county system, [129]-[144]
Recall, provisions in Los Angeles County charter concerning, [240]-[244]
Reconstruction, of county government, [168]-[180];
formula for, [169]
Recorder, appointive, [172]
Records, usual lack of, in road management by counties, [98];
in Westchester County almshouse, [200]-[201]
Reporting, importance of uniform, [121]
Responsibility, lack of in organization of judiciary, [131];
necessity for fixing in counties, [170]-[171]
Rhode Island, origin of county in, [9];
influence of Massachusetts institutions in, [19];
sheriffs appointed by legislature in, [29];
lack of accounting law in, [123]
Roads and bridges, [94]-[103];
under Los Angeles County charter, [229]-[231]
Rochester, N. Y., proposals for city-county consolidations in, [152]
Rural politics, influence of county press on, [55]
Rural voter, civic capacity of, [44], [170]

St. Louis County (Mo.), city-county consolidation in, [153]
Salmon, Dr. Thomas W., on county almshouse care of insane, [89]
San Bernardino County, Cal., adoption and amendment of county charter in, [30], [31], [149]
San Francisco, classification as an urban county, [154];
city-county consolidation in, [158]-[159]
Saxon kingdoms, the original of English counties, [23]
Secor, Alson, on bridge lobby at Des Moines, [101]-[102]
Sectionalism, stimulated by governmental organization in some states, [97]
Selectmen, functions in colonial Virginia, [16];
functions of, in New England, [27]
Sheriff, maladministration of, in a central N. Y. county, [4];
historical origin of, [11];
court duties of, [12];
duties of, in Virginia, [17];
elective officer in Pennsylvania since 1726, [28];
in New Jersey after Revolution, [28];
falsity of theory underlying his election, [32];
large fees of, in New York County, [51];
appointing power restricted in New Jersey, [52];
relation to deputies according to N. Y. courts, [52]-[53];
principal police agency in early local governments, [58];
conflict with other police agencies, [60], [61];
limitations as jail keeper, [90];
as enforcer of state laws in N. Y. State, [107];
imperfectly controlled by county judge, [130];
functions as court officer discussed, [132];
suggestion that governor appoint, [133];
inability of, in dealing with crime, [139];
encroachment upon functions of, by Department of Correction in N. Y. City, [157];
appointive method of selection of, proposed, [171];
importance of records of, [190];
see [Rhode Island]
Short ballot, the basic principle of county reconstruction, [169]-[170];
meaning of, [181]
Solicitor, see [District Attorney]
South, development of county in, [9];
the insane in county almshouses of, [87]
South Carolina, influence of Virginia precedents on, [19];
lack of accounting law in, [123];
appointive judiciary in, [131]
Southwest, importance of county as unit of local government in, [22]
Special legislation, testimony of county officer concerning, in N. Y. constitutional convention, [4]
State constitutions, provisions of, concerning counties, [112]
—— control in taxation, [126]
—— examiners in Ohio, [121]
—— government, stiffening hold on highway matters, [95];
influence in county affairs, [112]-[119]
—— legislatures, power over counties, [112]
—— party organization, built upon county units, [55]
—— supervision of accounts recommended, [185]
State’s attorney, see [District Attorney]
Suffolk County, Mass., see [Boston]
Suffolk County, N. Y., work of Taxpayers Assn. in, [7]
Superintendent of the poor, appointive method of selection proposed, [171]
Supervisor (town), functions of, in N. Y., [27];
elective officers in N. Y. since 1691, [28];
in Hudson County, N. J., [40];
influence in road affairs, [97];
see [Board of supervisors], [Essex County] and [Hudson County], N. J.
Surrogate, jurisdiction of, in probate matters, [130]
Surveyor, appointive, [172];
see [County surveyor]
System (of government), importance of, as contrasted with personnel, [66], [74], [78]

Tammany Hall, its influence exercised through control of county offices, [55]
Tax administration, inappropriateness of town as unit for, [144];
dual system of, in California, [160]
—— collector, appointive, [172]
—— laws, nullification of, by local officers, [108]
Taylor, Graham, on humanitarian functions of county, [80]-[81]
Tehama County (Cal.), charter of, [149]
Telephone, effect on rural life and government, [24]
Tennessee, influence of early Virginia precedents on county government, [20];
county officers of, made appointive, [28];
uniform accounting law in, [122]
Texas, American county system established in, [22];
lack of accounting law in, [123];
county local option in, [150]
Town, dominant idea in local government of New England, [17];
relation of county to, in New England, [143];
inappropriateness of, for performance of certain functions, [143]-[144]
Township officers in Los Angeles County charter, [225]-[227]
Treasurer, elective in Massachusetts, [27];
appointive, [172];
see [county treasurer]
Tuberculosis, effect upon general public health movement of fight against, [195]
Turnpike companies, as road builders and operators, [94]

Uniformity in county legislation, [112] et seq.
Urban communities, growth of, [57]
Urban counties, [57]-[65]
Utah, establishment of counties in, [22];
lack of accounting law in, [123]

Vermont, lack of accounting law in, [123]
Virginia, origin of counties of, [16];
constitutional convention, discussion concerning local government in, [29];
reaction against appointive system of, [29];
lack of accounting law in, [123];
highway progress in, [142];
independent cities of, [153]

Westchester County, work of Research Bureau, [7];
patronage in political advertising, [53]-[54];
recommendations of official commission in, for county home rule, [148];
auditing practices in, [184];
discrepancies between estimates, etc., for poor relief in, [184];
see [County planning], [V. Everit Macy]
Westchester County Chamber of Commerce, its activities in county planning, [197];
in activities for better county government, [204]
Westchester County Research Bureau, statement concerning budget making, [186]-[187]
Western Reserve, New England influences in, [20], [104]
West Virginia, uniform accounting law in, [122]
Wisconsin, compromise plan of county government, township system in, [21];
spoils system in, [52];
provisions for county graduate nurse in, [196];
county libraries in, [199]
Wyoming, auditing system in, [122];
county libraries in, [199]