THE RUIN OF HOOD’S RETREAT—DEMOLISHED CARS AND ROLLING-MILL

On the night of August 31st, in his headquarters near Jonesboro, Sherman could not sleep. That day he had defeated the force sent against him at Jonesboro and cut them off from returning to Atlanta. This was Hood’s last effort to save his communications. About midnight sounds of exploding shells and what seemed like volleys of musketry arose in the direction of Atlanta. The day had been exciting in that city. Supplies and ammunition that Hood could carry with him were being removed; large quantities of provisions were being distributed among the citizens, and as the troops marched out they were allowed to take what they could from the public stores. All that remained was destroyed. The noise that Sherman heard that night was the blowing up of the rolling-mill and of about a hundred cars and six engines loaded with Hood’s abandoned ammunition. The picture shows the Georgia Central Railroad east of the town.

REPRESENTATIVE SOLDIERS FROM A DOZEN STATES LEADERS IN SECURING VOLUNTEERS FOR NORTH AND SOUTH

BLAIR, OF MISSOURI BAKER, OF CALIFORNIA KELLEY, OF WEST VIRGINIA
Although remaining politically neutral throughout the war, Missouri contributed four hundred and forty-seven separate military organizationsto the Federal armies, and over one hundred to the Confederacy. The Union sentiment in the State is said to have been due to Frank P. Blair, who,early in 1861, began organizing home guards. Blair subsequently joined Grant’s command and served with that leader until Sherman took the helm inthe West. With Sherman Major-General Blair fought in Georgia and through the Carolinas. California contributed twelve military organizations to the Federal forces, but none of them took part in the campaigns east of theMississippi. Its Senator, Edward D. Baker, was in his place in Washington when the war broke out, and, being a close friend of Lincoln, promptlyorganized a regiment of Pennsylvanians which was best known by its synonym “First California.” Colonel Baker was killed at the head of it at thebattle of Ball’s Bluff, Virginia, October 21, 1861. Baker had been appointed brigadier-general but declined. West Virginia counties had already supplied soldiers for the Confederates when the new State was organized in 1861. As early as May, 1861, ColonelB. F. Kelley was in the field with the First West Virginia Infantry marshalled under the Stars and Stripes. He served to the end of the warand was brevetted major-general. West Virginia furnished thirty-seven organizations of all arms to the Federal armies, chiefly for local defenseand for service in contiguous territory. General Kelley was prominent in the Shenandoah campaigns.
SMYTH, OF DELAWARE MITCHELL, OF KANSAS CROSS, OF NEW HAMPSHIRE
Little Delaware furnished to the Federal armies fifteen separate military organizations. First in the field was Colonel Thomas A. Smyth, with theFirst Delaware Infantry. Early promoted to the command of a brigade, he led it at Gettysburg, where it received the full force of Pickett’s chargeon Cemetery Ridge, July 3, 1863. He was brevetted major-general and fell at Farmville, on Appomattox River, Va., April 7, 1865, two days before thesurrender at Appomattox. General Smyth was a noted leader in the Second Corps. The virgin State of Kansas sent fifty regiments, battalions, and batteries into the Federal camps. Its Second Infantry was organized and led to thefield by Colonel R. B. Mitchell, a veteran of the Mexican War. At the first battle in the West, Wilson’s Creek, Mo. (August 10, 1861), he waswounded. At the battle of Perryville, Brigadier-General Mitchell commanded a division in McCook’s Corps and fought desperately to hold the Federalleft flank against a sudden and desperate assault by General Bragg’s Confederates. New Hampshire supplied twenty-nine military organizations to the Federal armies. To the Granite State belongs the grim distinction of furnishingthe regiment which had the heaviest mortality roll of any infantry organization in the army. This was the Fifth New Hampshire, commanded byColonel E. E. Cross. The Fifth served in the Army of the Potomac. At Gettysburg, Colonel Cross commanded a brigade, which included the FifthNew Hampshire, and was killed at the head of it near Devil’s Den, on July 2, 1863.
PEARCE, OF ARKANSAS STEUART, OF MARYLAND CRITTENDEN, THE CONFEDERATE
Arkansas entered into the war with enthusiasm, and had a large contingent of Confederate troops ready for the field in the summer of 1861. AtWilson’s Creek, Missouri, August 10, 1861, there were four regiments and two batteries of Arkansans under command of Brigadier-General N. B.Pearce. Arkansas furnished seventy separate military organizations to the Confederate armies and seventeen to the Federals. The State was gallantlyrepresented in the Army of Northern Virginia, notably at Antietam and Gettysburg. Maryland quickly responded to the Southern call to arms, and among its first contribution of soldiers was George H. Steuart, who led a battalionacross the Potomac early in 1861. These Marylanders fought at First Bull Run, or Manassas, and Lee’s army at Petersburg included Maryland troopsunder Brigadier-General Steuart. During the war this little border State, politically neutral, sent six separate organizations to the Confederatesin Virginia, and mustered thirty-five for the Federal camps and for local defense. Kentucky is notable as a State which sent brothers to both the Federal and Confederate armies. Major-General George B. Crittenden, C. S. A., was thebrother of Major-General Thomas L. Crittenden, U. S. A. Although remaining politically neutral throughout the war, the Blue Grass State sentforty-nine regiments, battalions, and batteries across the border to uphold the Stars and Bars, and mustered eighty of all arms to battlearound the Stars and Stripes and protect the State from Confederate incursions.
RANSOM, OF NORTH CAROLINA FINEGAN, OF FLORIDA CLEBURNE, OF TENNESSEE
The last of the Southern States to cast its fortunes in with the Confederacy, North Carolina vied with the pioneers in the spirit withwhich it entered the war. With the First North Carolina, Lieut.-Col. Matt W. Ransom was on the firing-line early in 1861. Under his leadership asbrigadier-general, North Carolinians carried the Stars and Bars on all the great battlefields of the Army of Northern Virginia. The State furnishedninety organizations for the Confederate armies, and sent eight to the Federal camps. Florida was one of the first to follow South Carolina’s example in dissolving the Federal compact. It furnished twenty-one militaryorganizations to the Confederate forces, and throughout the war maintained a vigorous home defense. Its foremost soldier to take the field when theState was menaced by a strong Federal expedition in February, 1864, was Brigadier-General Joseph Finegan. Hastily gathering scattered detachments,he defeated and checked the expedition at the battle of Olustee, or Ocean Pond, on February 20. Cleburne was of foreign birth, but before the war was one year old he became the leader of Tennesseeans, fighting heroically on Tennessee soil.At Shiloh, Cleburne’s brigade, and at Murfreesboro, Chattanooga, and Franklin, Major-General P. R. Cleburne’s division found the post of honor.At Franklin this gallant Irishman “The ‘Stonewall’ Jackson of the West,” led Tennesseeans for the last time and fell close to the breastworks.Tennessee sent the Confederate armies 129 organizations, and the Federal fifty-six.

Painted by E. Packbauer.
Copyright, 1901, by Perrien-Keydel Co., Detroit, Mich., U. S. A.