I. i. There are many cases where words connected neither by etymology nor by signification fall into the same form.
Still, in spite of this similarity in form, the words remain perfectly distinct in the linguistic consciousness of a speaker of ordinary intelligence. Such are, e.g.,—
1. a. Hale, in such a phrase as hale and hearty. This word is of Scandinavian[94] origin (cf. Icelandic heill), and represents the Anglo-Saxon hál, to which word we owe the misspelt word whole. b. Hale, ‘to drag,’ found in Middle-English as halien.
2. a. Whole = A.S. hál; see above. b. Hole = A.S. hol, ‘a cave.’[95]
3. a. Grave (A.S. gráfan). b. Grave (Fr. grave, Lat. gravem).[96]
4. a. Cope (O.Fr. cape). b. Cope (Dutch koopen = to bargain, to chaffer, to buy, to vie with).
5. a. Stile (A.S. stigel). b. Stile (commonly misspelt style, Lat. stilum).
6. a. Well, adverb (A.S. wel). b. Well, noun (A.S. wella).
7. a. Arm (Lat. arma). b. Arm, the limb, cognate with Ger. arm.
8. a. Lay (A.S. lecgan). b. Lay (O.Fr. lais, ‘song’).