IV. Patti. 7 registers of treaties from 883 to 1496.
V. Liber Albus. Treaties, privileges, &c., with the Levant (principally for commerce) up to 1348.
VI. Libri Secretorum Consilii Rogatorum, commonly called ‘Cons. Rog.’. A continuation of the Secreti from April 10, 1401, to Feb. 26, 1476. These volumes bear Arabic numerals, not letters. There are 27 registers, of which no. 1 contains the Anatolian campaign of Timur and the downfall of Bayezid.
In the classified bibliography, the collections in which documents from Venetian records have been published are grouped.
INDEX
[A], [B], [C], [D], [E], [F], [G], [H], [I], [J], [K], [L], [M], [N], [O], [P], [R], [S], [T], [U], [V], [W], [Y].
Adalia, [158], [296], [297-8].
Adana, [74], [282], [296], [298-9].
Adrianople, [39], [91], [100], [103], [112], [114], [121], [123], [125-6], [171-87], [207], [231-2], [261];
unique place of, in Ottoman history, [139].
Afion Kara Hissar, [11], [290].
Aïdin, [65], [86], [158], [185-6], [191], [228], [283], [286], [291];
Ottoman absorption of, [185], [259], [274], [287].
Akbara, [69], [284].
Akridur, [284], [288-9].
Ak Seraï, [16], [162], [187], [189], [237], [284], [300].
Ak Sheïr, [154], [187], [260], [284-5].
Ak Tchaï, battle of, [188-90].
Alaïa, [285], [289].
Albania, Ottoman invasions of, [147], [159-60], [170], [183], [206], [243].
Albanian nobility, conversion of, to Islam, [76].
Albanians, value of, in Ottoman army, [159].
Alaeddin Kaï Kobad, composition of army of, [16-17];
connexion with Osmanlis, [20-2], [264], [266], [269];
fortifies Sivas, [246].
—— of Karamania, [165-7], [187-90], [288];
sons of, set free by Timur after Angora, [257].
—— pasha (brother of Orkhan), [70-2].
Alexander of Bulgaria, [103], [138-9], [170].
Ali pasha (grand vizier of Bayezid), [171-2], [199-200], [234].
Altoluogo, [286].
Amadeo of Savoy, crusade of, [128], [130];
proselytizing zeal of, aids conquests of Murad, [141-2];
intervenes to make peace between Venice and Genoa, [155];
hostility to Theodore Palaeologos, [228].
Amassia, [250], [300].
Anatoli Hissar, [234].
Anatolia (see Asia Minor).
Angora, [16], [68], [155], [162], [188], [191], [250], [259], [264], [285-6], [288];
battle of, [251-5], [262];
capture of, by Osmanlis, [68], [156].
Anna of Savoy, [91-4], [129].
Argos, population of, deported to Anatolia, [230].
Armenia, Little, kingdom of (see Cilicia).
Armenians, bravery and massacre of, at Sivas, [248].
Asia Minor, railways in, [11-12];
new ethnic elements in, [14-15];
obscure geographical names in, [32];
exodus of Greeks to coast of, [35];
Catalans in, [36-8], [123], [301];
importance of Aegaean islands for control of, [43];
not conquered by early Osmanlis, [68-9], [300-2];
Black Death in, [96];
Crusaders’ road through, [162];
Bayezid nominal master of greater part of, [191];
Timur invades, [257-60];
Mongol invasions of, [270-3], [300];
Turkish emirates in, [277-301].
Athens, Osmanlis in, [231].
Attika, Ottoman invasions of, [147], [186], [205].
Ayasoluk, [185], [283], [286], [295].
Bagdad, [244], [249], [269].
Balikesri, [66], [69], [286], [291], [294].
Balkan Christians prefer Ottoman rule to that of Catholics, [133], [194], [240].
—— peninsula, distance between cities of, [162];
Moslem immigration into, [196], [230-91];
Venetian fear of Hungarian hegemony in, [207];
Ottoman activities cease in, [243].
Balsa of Albania, [159].
Baphaeon, battle of, [34], [45].
Bayezid, assassinates Yakub upon his accession, [180];
marries daughter of Lazar, [183];
conquers Anatolian emirates, [184-91], [274];
invests Smyrna, [185];
completes conquest of Bulgaria, [195];
receives privileges in Constantinople, [199];
propitiated by Venetians and Genoese, [204-5], [207];
continues subjugation of Albania and Greece, [230], [243];
defeats crusaders at Nicopolis, [216-24];
invades the Morea, [228-32];
settles Anatolian Turks in Balkan peninsula, and pushes siege of Constantinople after Nicopolis, [230-4];
extends conquests to valley of the Euphrates, and comes into contact with Timur, [244];
defies Timur, [246];
defeated by Timur at Angora, [251-5];
taken prisoner and humiliated, [253-6];
dies at Ak Sheïr, [256];
arrogance of, [181-2], [209], [227], [246], [249];
origin of nickname Yildirim, [188];
contemporary western conception of, [208];
change of character after success, [225], [235], [249], [257];
claims to greatness as a statesman, [235];
humble origin of, [245], [267];
wrong tactics at Angora, [251-2];
discussion of cage story, [255-6];
durability of conquests of, [262].
Bayezid, sons of, confusion of western writers concerning identity of, [246], [252];
fate of, after Angora, [255];
fight for succession, [259].
Belgrad, [162].
Bigha, Catalan colony of, [123], [294], [301].
Biledjik, [11], [12], [22], [33].
Black Death, [95-6], [115].
—— Sheep, dynasty of, [245].
Bogomile heresy, [93].
Boli, [286], [292].
Borlu, [286].
Bosnia, Ottoman invasions of, [147], [184], [191].
(See also Tvrtko.)
Bosnian nobility, conversion to Islam, [75].
Bosphorus, [32], [45], [59], [233-4], [237], [260-1].
Boucicaut, crusade of, [128], [236-9];
in Nicopolis campaign, [212-23];
tries to raise ransom at Constantinople, [226];
crusaders left behind by, save Constantinople, [242].
Brusa, [12], [13], [22], [32], [45], [46], [54], [84], [122], [125], [152], [185], [188], [198], [225], [257], [275-6], [286-7];
captured by the Osmanlis, [46-8];
place in Ottoman history, [125].
Buda, John Palaeologos at, [130];
Nicopolis crusaders at, [211].
Bulaïr, [101], [111].
Bulgaria, incorporated in Ottoman Empire, [195].
Bulgarians, early propagation of Islam among, [26];
refuse to aid Byzantines against Osmanlis, [103];
first conflict with Osmanlis in Thrace, [111-14];
make John Palaeologus prisoner, and are attacked by Savoyard crusaders, [129-30];
struggle against Osmanlis in Thrace, [139-40];
resist Hungarian attempts to convert them to Catholic faith, [141];
lose Sofia, [161];
Ottoman invasion and conquest, [171-3], [194-5];
aid Osmanlis in Karamanian campaign, [188];
oppressed by Greek patriarchate, [195-6].
Bunar Hissar, [112], [139].
Burgas, [129], [142].
Burhaneddin of Caesarea, [190], [287], [297].
Byzantine architecture, influence of, upon Ottoman, [275-6].
—— emperor, glamour of title in Western Europe, [241].
Byzantines, civil dynastic strife among, [35], [47-9], [57-61], [91-4], [98-105], [149-54], [197-200], [237-9], [259];
first contact with Osmanlis, [34];
receive aid from Catalans, [37-40];
seek aid of Genoese and Serbians, against Turks, [41];
menaced again by western schemes of conquest, [42];
lose Bithynia to Osmanlis, [45-9];
defeated by Osmanlis at Pelecanon, [59-61];
weakness of opposition of, to Orkhan, [106];
abasement of, before Murad, [122];
fail to cooperate with other Balkan Christians against Osmanlis, [123], [139];
make treaty with Genoese, [162];
reduced to city state of Constantinople, [232-4], [242-3];
aided by Boucicaut’s crusade, [236-9], [242];
fail to take advantage of defeat of Bayezid by Timur, and help Ottoman armies in retreat to Europe, [261].
Caesarea, [16], [190], [248], [272], [284], [287], [300].
Callixtus, patriarch, [101-3], [144].
Cantacuzenos, Helen, [94].
——, Irene, [91], [94], [103].
——, John, wounded by Turks, [48];
at battle of Pelecanon, [60];
prevents marriage alliance between Orkhan and Dushan, [90];
usurps imperial purple, [91];
marries daughter to Orkhan, [93];
forces widow of Andronicus III to recognize him as co-emperor, and marries daughter to John Palaeologus, [93-4];
asks aid of Orkhan against Dushan, [98];
dynastic war with John Palaeologus, in which Osmanlis help him, [99-102];
forced to abdicate, and becomes monk, [103];
character of, [104-5];
responsibility for introducing Osmanlis into Europe, [92-5], [97-100], [102-3], [105-10];
grand-daughter of, in harem of Bayezid, [230].
——, Matthew, turns against father, [98];
Patriarch Callixtus refuses to consecrate as co-emperor, [101-2];
forced by John Palaeologus to abdicate, [103].
——, Theodora, wife of Orkhan, [93-4], [98], [107].
Catalans, aid Byzantines in Asia Minor, [37-8];
form state at Gallipoli, [39];
go to Thessaly, [40];
sack Chios, [43];
mercenaries of Cantacuzenos, [103];
remnants of, at Bigha, [123], [301].
Cattaro, [134].
Charles IV (Holy Roman Emperor), [138].
—— of Durazzo, [192].
—— VI of France, rejoices over death of Murad, [178];
opposes Bayezid, [202], [208-9], [233];
insanity of, [202], [209], [242];
receives Manuel Palaeologus, [241];
Timur proposes to share world with, [249];
misinformed about origin and power of Osmanlis, [208-9], [274].
—— Thopia, lord of Durazzo, [159].
Chios, [43], [163], [186], [205].
Chivalry, last effort of, in crusade against Bayezid, [211-14], [217-20], [222-4], [225-8].
Christians in Ottoman Empire, civil status of, [77-8].
Cilicia, [13], [271], [282], [293], [298-9], [300].
Constantine, Bulgarian prince of Kustendil, [140], [143], [173].
Constantinople, [11], [12], [13], [14], [17], [24], [36], [41], [79], [91], [100], [121], [125], [148-9], [162], [196-200], [205-7], [232-4], [235-9], [241-3], [259-60].
Corfu, Venetians alarmed about safety of, [243].
Croia, [160].
Crusaders, road of, to Jerusalem, [162].
Crusades, end of, [13], [14], [203];
perversion of, in 14th century, [143].
——, Nicopolis the last, [203].
Cypriotes, join league against Murad, [163];
fighting Genoese, [239];
relations with Rhodes and Anatolian emirates, [285], [290], [295], [297], [299-300].
Damascus, [240], [250], [279], [287].
Dardanelles, [22], [128], [261], [291], [293];
‘question’ of, [152], [203], [237].
Demotika, [48], [57], [90], [91], [99], [100], [105], [112], [114], [121], [125], [150].
Despina, daughter of Lazar, marries Bayezid, [183];
disgraced by Timur, [256].
Djagataï, [244].
Djenghiz Khan, [13], [16], [26], [41], [53], [74], [243-4], [256], [264], [270].
Dobrotich, [140], [170].
Drama, [146], [158], [161].
Durazzo, [159], [162], [201-2], [206].
Dushan, Stephen, [86-90], [94], [98-9], [143], [201].
Edebali, Sheik, [23-4], [27].
Egherdir, [284], [288].
Elbassan, [159].
Emir, confused by contemporary western writers with Murad, [213];
transcribed into ‘admiral’, [163].
Enos, [114], [123].
Ephesus, [258-9], [283].
Epiros, Ottoman invasion of, [159].
Ertogrul, father of Osman, [20-2], [28], [263-4], [267].
Erzerum, [20], [266], [270], [288], [300].
Erzindjian, [20], [246], [248], [259], [266], [270], [272], [288], [293], [300].
Eski Baba, [112].
—— Sheïr, [11], [12], [22], [32], [290].
Evrenos, general of Murad, [112], [143], [146].
——, general of Osman, [48], [76].
—— of Yanitza, [171], [228], [230].
Famagusta, [239], [298].
Flor, Roger de, [37-9], [43].
Fratricide, Ottoman legal sanction of, [180-1].
Gallipoli, [39], [41], [100-3], [111], [129], [221].
Genoese, aid Michael IX, [41];
supposed to have instigated Turkish attack on Rhodes, [44];
help Osmanlis, [97-8], [100], [107], [165];
fight with Venetians for Tenedos, [152-5];
make treaty with Byzantines in 1386, [162];
make treaty with Osmanlis in 1385, and join league against them in 1386, [163];
fail to aid Nicopolis crusade, [207];
under protection of France, [236];
encourage Timur to attack Bayezid, [249];
help Ottoman army to cross to Europe after Angora, [261];
wars with Venetians, [96-7], [152-5], [262];
at Kaffa, [294].
Ghazan Khan, [26], [36-7].
Grand vizier, origin of office,
[71].
Greece, conquests of Osmanlis in, [171], [186], [228-30], [232].
Gul Hissar, [69], [288-9].
Gumuldjina, [112].
Guzel Hissar, [283], [286].
Hadji Ilbeki, [123-4].
Halicarnassus, [288], [300].
Hamid, [86], [157], [165-6], [187], [284-5], [289].
Hedwig of Hungary, becomes Queen of Poland, [192].
Henry IV of England, not at Nicopolis, [214];
turns from crusades to efforts for English crown, [233];
receives Manuel Palaeologus, [241];
wants to help to save Constantinople, [242];
tries to convert Timur to Christianity, [259].
Hungarians, first conflict with Osmanlis, [122-4];
aid of, solicited by John Palaeologus, [128-30];
urged by Gregory XI to fight Osmanlis, [136-7];
attack Bulgarians,
and are driven back, [141];
attack Venice, [154];
border nobles co-operate with Serbians at Kossova, [170].
Hungary, first Ottoman raid into, [183-4];
first battle of Osmanlis on soil of, [191];
separation of crown of, from Poland, [192];
interest of, in checking progress of Osmanlis, [203-4];
hegemony of, in Balkans feared by Venice, [207];
Ottoman invasion of, after Nicopolis, [224].
Hunyadi, [194].
Ibn Batutah, [69], [277-80].
Ishtiman, [142], [160-2].
Islamic state, theocratic conception of, [72-3].
—— teaching, concrete results of, [75].
Ispahan, [259].
Istip, [158], [160-2].
Italians, city ideal of, [14].
Jagello of Lithuania, converted and becomes Ladislas of Poland, [192].
Janina, [159].
Janissaries, institution of, [80], [117-21];
number of, in early Ottoman history, [118-19], [253];
rôle of, in early history not important, [119-20], [173].
Jean de Nevers, [210], [212], [218], [223], [225-8].
Jeanne d’Arc, [106], [209].
Jews, cruelty of Tartars to, at Brusa, [267].
Kaffa, [165], [264], [291].
Kaouïa, Ottoman absorption of, [69].
Karamania, [165-7], [187-90], [259], [274], [285], [289-90], [300-2].
Karamanlis, power of, in fifteenth century, [190], [290], [301-2].
Kara Khalil Tchenderli, [112].
—— Yuluk, [190].
—— Yussuf, [244-5].
Karasi, [66], [69], [257], [286], [291], [294].
Kastemuni, [191], [259], [291-2], [297].
Kastriota, George, [170].
Kavalla, [146], [161].
Keraïtes, [14].
Keredek, Ottoman absorption of, [69].
Kermasti, [68], [292].
Kermian, [156], [166], [188], [271], [274], [284], [285], [292-3].
Khaïreddin, [146], [159].
Kharesmians, [17].
Kharesm, distinct from Khorassan, [19].
Kharput, [190], [244].
Khorassan, [19], [25], [244], [264].
Kirk Kilissé, [112], [139].
Kir Sheïr, [250].
Koësé, Michail, [52], [76].
Konia, [6], [11], [13], [16], [166-7], [187], [189], [260], [270-2], [274], [284], [290-300].
Kossova, battle of, [174-8], [203-4];
regarded as victory by Bosnians, Italians and French, [178].
Kustendil, [140], [143], [173].
Kutayia, [12], [22], [34], [156-7], [166-7], [188], [257-8], [284], [292].
Lalashahin, [111], [114], [123-4], [126], [142-3].
Laodicea, [287].
Lazar, election of, [148];
tributary to Murad, [149];
increases tribute after fall of Nish, [162];
sends contingent to Murad for Anatolian campaign, [166];
dies at Kossova, [177].
Lemnos, [269].
Louis of Hungary, defeated by Osmanlis, [124];
attacks Bulgarians, [141];
prejudices Christians of Balkans against Catholic faith by attempts of forcible conversion, [141], [194];
ignored by Tvrtko of Bosnia, [168-9];
death, and contest over succession of, [192].
Lulé Burgas, [112].
Macedonia, Ottoman conquest of, [145-9], [158-9].
Macedonians, uncertainty of, regarding nationality, [144].
Maeander River, caution concerning identity of, [294].
Magnesia, [258].
Malkhatun, wife of Osman, [23-4], [27], [275].
Mamelukes, in Asia Minor, [282], [293], [300-1].
Marash, [279], [293].
Maritza, battle of, [122-4], [144].
Marko, [52], [76].
Marmora, Ottoman absorption of, [69].
Marriage, reason for abandonment of, by Ottoman sultans, [183], [256].
Mary of Hungary, marries Sigismund, [193].
Matthew, patriarch, [243].
Megalopolis, battle of, [230].
Menteshe, [158], [185-6], [191], [259], [274], [283], [287-8], [289], [294], [297], [300];
emir of, invades Rhodes, [43-4].
Messembria, [139].
Mézières, Philippe de, agitation of, for crusade, [160], [203].
Michael Asan, conflict with Byzantines, [59];
repudiates Serbian marriage alliance, [87].
Midia, [139].
Mikhalitch, conquered by Osmanlis, [68];
Nicopolis prisoners at, [225], [294];
Timur’s army reaches, [257];
emirate of, [294].
Miletus, [294], [295].
Mircea of Wallachia, promises to co-operate with Lazar against Osmanlis, [170];
defeated by Osmanlis, and helps Bayezid against Hungarians, [192];
negotiates with Bayezid to desert crusaders, [214];
withdraws from Nicopolis during battle, [221];
defeats invading Ottoman army, [224].
Modon, [230], [240], [243].
Mohammed I, becomes undisputed Ottoman sultan, [262];
building activity of, [275-6];
Karamanians not dependent upon, [301].
—— II (the Conqueror), legislation of, [72-3], [195];
desire of, to connect origin of family with Byzantine imperial family, [265].
—— Sultan, grandson of Timur, [251-2].
Monastir, [158-9], [195].
Mongols, invasion of Asia Minor, [13], [16], [17], [36-7], [300];
attempts of Christian missionaries to convert, [14], [26];
connexion with Byzantines, [36-7], [41], [65];
exposure of women symbol of conquest among, [256].
Morea, [170-1], [228-32], [240], [243].
Mughla, [294], [295].
Murad, first European conquests, [111-15];
creates corps of janissaries, [117-20];
decides to build Ottoman empire in Balkan peninsula, and makes Adrianople his capital, [125];
extension of conquests in Bulgaria, [138-43], [159-61];
conquers Macedonia, [145-9], [158-9];
extends sovereignty in Asia Minor, [155-8], [274];
treaties with Ragusa, Venice, and Genoa, [126-7], [163-4];
first conflict with Karamania, [165-7];
reaches Danube by further conquests in Bulgaria, [172];
destroys Serbian independence, and is killed, in battle of Kossova, [175-7];
method of assimilating Balkan Christians, [115-21];
policy in empire-building, [125];
organization of conquered territories, [147-9];
policy in Byzantine dynastic quarrels, [149-55];
anxious not to alarm Venice, [160];
kindness to non-combatants, [167];
policy towards Serbian league, [171];
character of, [178-9];
confused with Bayezid by western travellers and writers, [208-13];
contemporary western conception of, [208].
Musalla, highest mountain in Balkan peninsula, [143].
Mytilene, [163], [205].
Nagy Olosz, battle of, [191].
Nauplia, [230].
Nazlu, [284], [289], [295].
Nicaea, [12], [13], [32], [45-6], [54], [84], [111], [185], [257], [275];
captured by the Osmanlis, [56-7], [61-3];
emirate of, [295].
Nicomedia, [11], [12], [13], [32], [45-6], [54], [84], [111], [185];
captured by the Osmanlis, [63-4].
Nicopolis, [172-3], [193-4], [196];
crusade and battle of, [203], [206], [208-24];
identification of, [215];
significance of battle of, [262];
ransom of prisoners taken at, [225-8].
Nilufer, wife of Orkhan, [25], [62].
Nish, [158], [161-2], [183-4].
Okhrida, [159].
Orkhan, first battles of, [46];
adds Nicaea and Nicomedia to his emirate, [56-7], [61-4];
defeats Byzantines at Pelecanon, [60-1];
completes conquest of Bithynia, [64];
invades and annexes portions of neighbouring emirates, [66-8], [291-2], [294];
invited by Cantacuzenos to aid him against Anna, and receives Cantacuzenos’s daughter as bride, [92-4];
invited again by Cantacuzenos into Europe to aid him against John Palaeologus, [98-9];
first conquests in Europe, [100-6];
has Byzantines at his mercy, [107-8];
Ottoman historians unsatisfactory in accounts of reign of, [65];
contemporary statements as to power of, [69-70];
legislation of, [70-3];
policy of towards Christians, [75-80];
organization of army of, [81-4];
death of, and estimate of his character, [109];
extent of emirate of, [301-2].
Orsova, [215].
Orthodox Christians, animosity against Catholics and unwillingness for reunion of Churches, [128], [132-4], [141], [194].
—— Church, loses hold on Levantine Christians, [49];
oppresses Bulgarians, [195-6].
Orthography, oriental, [5-6].
Osman, birth of, [22];
conversion, marriage, and dream of, [23-9];
principality of, in 1300, [32];
first battle with Byzantines, [34];
conquests of, from Byzantines, [45-9];
legends concerning power and character of, [50-2], [263-76];
reincarnation of early khalifs, [52];
elected as chief of tribe, [55];
army of, [81];
parentage of, [263-5], [267];
relation of with Anatolian Turkish emirs, [17], [44-5], [273-4], [300-2];
error of attributing coinage to, [51].
Osmandjik, [265], [291].
Osmanli, connotation of this word, [29], [50], [78], [80-1].
Osmanlis, originate on border of Bithynia, [19], [25], [28], [30-2];
complete conquest of Bithynia, [62-4], [80];
become a distinct race, [78-81];
first invasion of Europe, [100];
advance into Thrace, [101];
conquer Thrace, [121-6], [149];
conquer Bulgaria, [139], [143], [149], [160-1], [171-3], [193-6];
conquer Macedonia, [144], [149], [158-9], [183];
conquer Servia, [161-2], [173-8], [182];
conquer Thessaly, [147], [228-30], [232];
invade Albania, [147], [159-60], [183], [206], [243];
invade Attika, [147], [186], [205];
invade Bosnia, [147], [184];
invade Hungary, [183-4], [191], [224];
invade Wallachia, [192], [224];
invade the Morea, [171], [228-30], [232];
conquests of, in Greece, [171], [186], [228-30], [232];
absorb Anatolian Turkish emirates, [66-9], [155-8], [185-7], [190-1], [274];
invade Karamania, [165-7], [187-90], [290];
besiege Constantinople, [198-9], [232-4], [236];
naval raids of, [186], [205];
first cross the Danube, [191-2];
first cross the Vardar, [147];
contemporary western misconception of their character, [216-17], [247];
composite blood of, [115-17], [126];
character of, [74-5];
distinct from other Anatolian Turks, [19], [28], [31], [78-9], [115], [126], [217], [228], [283];
tolerance of, [74], [81], [115], [179];
rule of, preferred by Balkan Christians to that of Catholics, [133], [141], [194-5];
not raiders, but colonists, [149], [186];
not feared by Europe until they appeared in Thrace, [111].
Ottoman architecture, Byzantine influence in, [275-6].
—— army, organization of, [81-4];
Christian elements in, [166], [173], [184], [187-8], [217], [252].
—— ceremonial of holding ambassadors’ arms in audience with Sultan, [178].
—— historians, unsatisfactory accounts of reign of Orkhan, [65].
—— history, lacks early sources, [17], [265].
—— legislation, beginning of, [71-3].
—— navy, beginning of, [186];
weakness in reign of Bayezid, [205-6], [234], [237-8].
Palaeologos, Andronicus II, looks to Mongols and Catalans for aid against Turks, [35-7];
bestows title of Caesar on Roger de Flor, [39];
menaced by Mongols, Venice, and French princes, [41-2];
civil strife with grandson, [48], [57-9];
refuses to co-operate in crusade planned by Marino Sanudo, [49];
seeks aid of papacy against Turks, [85].
——, Andronicus III, set upon by Turks on wedding journey, [48];
captures Salonika, [58];
deposes grandfather, [59];
defeated by Osmanlis at Pelecanon, and abandons Nicaea, [59-61];
invites aid of Anatolian emirs in siege of Phocaea, [65-6], [86];
makes overtures to John XXII, [85];
marries sister to Czar Michael of Bulgaria, [87];
on death-bed entrusts empress and son and heir to care of Cantacuzenos, [91];
assassinates brother, [181].
——, Andronicus IV, charged with suggesting to Bulgarians that they keep his father prisoner, [128];
rebels against father, and is imprisoned, [149-51];
escapes, imprisons father and brothers, and gives Tenedos to Genoese, [153];
treaty with Genoese, [163].
——, John V (I), under guardianship of Cantacuzenos, [91];
forced to marry daughter of Cantacuzenos, and to accept father-in-law as co-emperor, [94];
exiled by Cantacuzenos to Tenedos, [99];
returns from exile, and forces John and Matthew Cantacuzenos to abdicate, [103];
at the mercy of Orkhan, [106-8];
unpopularity of, with Byzantines, [115];
treaties of, with Murad, [122], [128], [136];
fails to send aid to Balkan crusaders at Maritza, [122];
tries to get aid from Venetians against Osmanlis, [128];
goes to Buda to seek aid from Louis of Hungary, and is made prisoner by Bulgarians, [128-9];
release secured by Amadeo of Savoy, and promises to submit to Roman Church, [129-30];
visits Rome, and becomes Catholic, [134-5];
last desperate appeal to Pope, [137];
war with Alexander of Bulgaria, [139];
passes over Andronicus, and raises Manuel to imperial purple, [149];
blinds son Andronicus at Murad’s command, [150];
refuses to receive fugitive Manuel at Constantinople for fear of Murad, [152];
gives Tenedos to Venetians, [153];
aids Osmanlis to conquer Philadelphia, last Byzantine possession in Asia, [154], [197];
treaty with Genoese, [152-3];
ignominious death of, [198].
Palaeologus, John VII (II), rebels against grandfather and uncle, [197];
co-operates with Osmanlis against Manuel, [199-200], [237-8], [243];
becomes co-emperor with Manuel, [238-9];
banished by Manuel to Lemnos, [259].
——, Manuel II (I), ransoms father from Venetian merchants, [135];
serves in Ottoman army, [136], [149], [154], [187], [197];
made co-emperor by father, [149];
fails in conspiracy to drive Osmanlis from Serres, and has to seek pardon of Murad at Brusa, [151-2], [231];
gives Bayezid privileges in Constantinople, [199];
fails to enlist support of Pope and Western princes, [200], [206], [233], [239];
marries son to Russian princess, [232];
receives aid from Boucicaut, [236-9];
accepts John VII as co-emperor, [238];
unsuccessful visit to Europe, [240-3];
expels Osmanlis from Constantinople, and offers to become vassal of Timur, [259];
appeals to Rome and Venice for aid against Timur, [260].
——, Michael IX, unsuccessfully opposes Turks in Anatolia, [35];
at Adrianople, [39];
flees before Turks of Halil, [40].
——, Theodore, serves in Ottoman army, [149];
imprisoned by Andronicus IV, [153];
summoned, as ruler of the Morea, to do homage to Bayezid at Serres, [171], [200], [229];
invites Osmanlis to enter the Morea to aid him against Frankish lords, [228];
defeated by Osmanlis at Megalopolis, [230];
tries to dissuade Manuel from trip to western Europe, [240].
Palatchia, [286], [294-5].
Papacy, and Eastern crusades, [41], [85];
invited to intervene to save Constantinople from Osmanlis, [95];
tries to raise crusades against Osmanlis, [122], [129], [132], [136-8], [141], [153], [201-2], [235-6], [241];
consistently denounces traffic of Italian republics with Moslems, [154].
(See also under Popes.)
Pasha, origin of this title, [71-2].
Pergama, [284], [286], [291], [294].
Petrarch, hatred of schismatics, [133].
Philadelphia, [13], [34], [105], [154], [296], [299].
Philippe d’Artois, [212], [217-18], [223], [225].
—— de Bourgogne, [202], [209-10], [212], [218], [226], [236], [242].
—— le Bel, plans to retake Constantinople, [41-2];
aids in conquest of Rhodes, [44].
Philippopolis, [114], [122], [139], [161-2], [231].
Phocaea, Byzantines and Anatolian emirs besiege, [66], [283], [296];
John Palaeologus attacks at command of Orkhan, [107-8];
not dependent upon Osmanlis, [299].
Plochnik, battle of, [169].
Popes:
Gregory X, [164].
Boniface VIII, [164].
Clement V, [41-2], [44].
John XXII, [85].
Clement VI, [95].
Urban V, [122], [129-32], [134-6], [141], [164].
Gregory XI, [136-8], [153], [164].
Urban VI, [201].
Boniface XI, [201-2], [235], [262].
Benedict XIII, [202], [235-6], [241].
Popova Shapkah, [143].
Prilep, [158].
Princes’ Islands, [35].
Pristina, [92], [144].
Ragusa, first Christian state to make tributary treaty with Osmanlis, [127].
Raïa, meaning of the word, [77].
Rhodes, [43-4], [186], [205];
grand master of, at Nicopolis, [219], [221];
chevaliers of (see Saint John, Knights of).
Rhodope Mountains, [140], [143], [147].
Rilo, monastery of, [195].
Riva, [237].
Rodosto, [65], [101].
Rumeli Hissar, [234].
Rustchuk, [172].
Saint John, Knights of, conquer Rhodes, [43];
resist Turks, [44], [283];
capture Smyrna, [85], [283];
conspire with Pope to seize the Morea, [240];
lose Smyrna to Timur, [258];
relations with Cyprus and Anatolian emirates, [285-6], [295], [297], [299-300].
—— Sophia, mosque of, [60], [93], [94], [102], [154], [233].
Salona, duchy of, conquered by Bayezid, [229-30].
Salonika, [40], [58], [65], [79], [92], [98], [100], [121], [145], [181], [231].
Samakov, battle of, [142-3], [160].
Samarkand, [244], [251], [256], [260].
Samsun, [191], [196], [291].
Sangarius, [11], [12], [32], [38], [45], [302].
Sarukhan, [65], [86], [158], [185-6], [191], [228], [259], [283], [291], [295-6].
Savoy, origin of armies of, [44].
(See also Amadeo and Anna.)
Savra, battle of, [159].
Scutari (in Albania), [160].
Scutari (on the Bosphorus), [60], [64], [94], [108], [234].
Seljuk architecture, influence upon Ottoman, [275-6].
Seljuks, invasions of Asia Minor, [15-16];
changes of religion, [26].
—— of Rum, contest Asia Minor with Byzantines, [13];
relations with Osmanlis, [20-2], [32], [268-76];
subject to Mongols, [270-2];
end of dynasty, [297].
Serbian Church, autocephalous, [144-5].
—— empire of Stephen Dushan, [86-90].
Serbians, illusions of, concerning their fourteenth-century empire, [86], [90], [175], [201];
first enter Macedonia to help Byzantines against Turks, [41];
aid Andronicus II against his grandson, [58];
conflict with Orthodox Church, [89-90], [144-5];
refuse to aid Byzantines against Osmanlis, [102];
defeated by Osmanlis at Maritza, [122-4];
anarchy among chieftains of, in Macedonia, [144];
defeated by Osmanlis at Cernomen, and lose Macedonia, [145-8];
become subject to Osmanlis, [160-2];
help Murad in Karamanian campaign, and are punished for looting, [167];
form league against Murad, and are defeated at Kossova, [168-78];
treachery of their nobles, [173];
cast fortunes definitely with Osmanlis, [182-3];
aid Bayezid in Karamanian campaign, [188];
last of Dushan’s following disappear in Macedonia, [201];
fidelity of, to Bayezid at Nicopolis, [220];
fight in Ottoman army at Angora, [252].
Serres, [58], [144], [147], [152], [158], [161], [200], [229].
Shah-Rokh, son of Timur, [255], [258].
Shehabeddin, [69], [277-80].
Shuman, [172].
Sigismund, first invasion of Bulgaria, [188], [193-5];
becomes king of Hungary, and sends threat to Bayezid, [193];
tries to get support of Italian republics against Bayezid, [205-7];
leads Nicopolis crusade, [210-24];
boastfulness of, before Nicopolis, [216];
flees from battle-field, [220-1];
character of, [193], [222].
Silistria, [196].
Silivria, [237].
Sinope, [191], [291-2], [296], [297].
Sis, [282].
Sisman, John, [128], [140-3], [170], [172-3], [194-6].
Sivas, [190], [270], [272], [274], [287], [297], [300];
destruction of, by Timur, [243], [245-8].
Slavery, Greek abhorrence of, [116];
connivance of Italian republics in, [165].
Smyrna, [11], [79], [85], [185], [258-60], [270], [283], [286], [299-300].
Sofia, [142], [158], [160-2], [172], [231].
Soleiman pasha, son of Orkhan, [100-1], [105], [108], [111].
Soleiman Shah, grandfather of Osman, [20], [266].
—— tchelebi, son of Bayezid, [195], [245-8], [252-3], [257-61].
South Slavs, character of, [170].
Sozopolis, [129], [142].
Stambul, origin of name, [199].
Stephen Lazarevitch, kral of Serbia, vassal and brother-in-law of Bayezid, [182-3];
fights for Osmanlis at Nicopolis, [220];
and at Angora, [253].
Stracimir, [140-1].
Sugut, [12], [22], [25], [33], [63], [115], [285].
Taharten, emir of Erzindjian, [246].
Tarsus, [24], [216], [298].
Taurus Mountains, [24], [125], [187], [289], [298], [300-2].
Tchataldja, [115].
Tchorlu, [105], [112], [162].
Tekke, emirate of, [158], [165-6], [186-7], [285], [289], [297-8].
Tenedos, importance of, to control Dardanelles, [152];
struggle of Venice and Genoa for, [152-5];
John VII Palaeologus banished to, [236].
Thessaly, Ottoman conquest of, [147], [228-30].
Thingizlu, [69].
Thomas, despot of Janina, [159].
Timur, origin of name, and conquests of, [244];
charges against Bayezid, [190], [245-6];
destroys Sivas, [247-8];
makes overtures to Occidental princes, [249];
invades Asia Minor, and crushes Bayezid at Angora, [250-4];
degrades Bayezid and Despina, [255-6];
pushes to Aegaean Sea, and captures Smyrna, [257-60];
death of, [260];
infirmity of, [244];
lacked constructive policy in conquests, [257], [260-1];
restores Anatolian emirs deposed by Bayezid, [257], [259], [283], [288], [290], [292-3], [294].
Timurtash, [142], [158], [166], [187], [188-9], [254].
Tirnovo, [140], [142], [172], [194-6].
Tokat, [190], [250], [287], [298].
Trebizond, [13], [162], [270], [280], [288], [291], [293], [297], [299].
Tughra, origin of, [127].
Turin, treaty of, [155].
Turk, connotation of word in Ottoman Empire, [78-81], [228];
lacks family ties and family name, [267].
Turkey, connotation of word in fourteenth century, [107].
Turkish chieftainship elective rather than hereditary, [54], [276].
—— raids in Aegaean Sea, Macedonia and Thrace, [36-40], [65], [84], [185-6], [261], [283].
—— emirates of Asia Minor stronger than Osmanlis, [30], [274], [290], [301-2].
—— refugees from Thrace in 1912, [16].
—— women not veiled in fourteenth century, [157].
Turks, character of Anatolian, [15].
Tvrtko, kral of Bosnia, [168-70], [178], [183-4], [201].
Ulubad, [68], [298].
Uskub, [88], [174], [183].
Valona, [159].
Varna, [129], [172].
Venetians, interfere in Byzantine dynastic quarrels, [35];
invited by Clement V to co-operate in reconquest of Byzantine Empire, [42];
menaced in Aegaean by Turks, [84];
relations with Stephen Dushan, [88-90];
wars with Genoese, [96-7], [152-5], [262];
urged by fellow countrymen to oppose Orkhan, [107];
fail to protect Byzantines against Murad, [128];
detain John Palaeologus because of debts, [135];
refuse to contribute seriously to crusade against Osmanlis, [137];
struggle with Genoa for Tenedos, [152-5];
sapped by prosperity, [163];
make commercial treaty with Murad, [164];
opposition to Hungarians, [169];
indifference to Murad’s conquests, [170];
refuse to buy Lemnos from Byzantines, [200];
fail to aid in Nicopolis crusade, [203-7];
in Athens and Salonika, [230-1];
prefer to curry favour with Bayezid rather than defend Constantinople, [233];
reception of Manuel Palaeologus and their pacifist policy, [240];
alarm over appearance of Osmanlis on Adriatic, [243];
help Ottoman army tocross to Europe after Angora, [261];
at Palatchia, [294-5].
Visconti, Giovanni Galeazzo, [131], [210], [236], [240].
Viza, [139].
Vukasin, [145-6], [159], [173].
Wallachia, Ottoman invasions of, [192], [224].
Wallachians, aid Bulgarians against Hungarians, [141];
aid Osmanlis against Hungarians, [192];
worth of, as soldiers, [192];
aid Osmanlis in Bulgaria, [193];
withdraw during battle of Nicopolis, [221];
successfully resist Ottoman invasion after Nicopolis, [225].
Wenceslaus, [210], [235].
Western Europe, inability to understand Eastern Europe, [132-3].
White Sheep, dynasty of, [190], [245].
Widin, [140], [141], [142], [196], [215].
Yakub, killed by brother Bayezid after Kossova, [180].
Yakub, general of Bayezid, [230].
Yamboli, [140], [142].
Yeni Sheïr, [28], [32], [34], [258], [275].
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