PART I.
PAGE
CHAPTER I.
INTRODUCTORY[1]
CHAPTER II.
THE PLACE OF THE SUBMARINE IN WARFARE[6]
CHAPTER III.
THE MORALITY OF SUBMARINE WARFARE[27]
CHAPTER IV.
THE MECHANISM OF THE SUBMARINE AND SUBMARINES OF THE FUTURE[64]
CHAPTER V.
THE ROMANCE OF UNDER-WATER WARFARE[102]
CHAPTER VI.
THE MORAL INFLUENCE OF UNDER-WATER WARFARE[111]
CHAPTER VII.
THE SUBMARINE IN ACTION[120]
CHAPTER VIII.
THE ANTIDOTE TO SUBMARINES[136]
PART II.
CHAPTER IX.
THE EARLY HISTORY OF SUBMARINE WARFARE[149]
CHAPTER X.
EARLY EFFORTS IN SUBMARINE NAVIGATION[157]
CHAPTER XI.
DAVID BUSHNELL[179]
CHAPTER XII.
FULTON’S SUBMARINE BOATS[190]
CHAPTER XIII.
UNDER-WATER CRAFT IN THE AMERICAN CIVIL WAR[201]
CHAPTER XIV.
THE WHITEHEAD TORPEDO[214]
CHAPTER XV.
THE NORDENFELT SUBMARINES[233]
PART III.
APPENDICES.
APPENDIX I. THE BRITISH SUBMARINES[249]
APPENDIX II. THE AMERICAN SUBMARINES[261]
APPENDIX III. THE FRENCH SUBMARINES[273]
APPENDIX IV. SUBMARINES OLD AND NEW[311]
APPENDIX V. THE LAKE SUBMARINES[319]
A SHORT BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SUBMARINE WARFARE[331]

ILLUSTRATIONS

PAGE
“DAVID AND GOLIATH”[Frontispiece]
MODEL OF FIRST BRITISH SUBMARINE[Title-page]
THE FIRST BRITISH SUBMARINE[7]
“SHARK” ON THE STOCKS[11]
LAUNCH OF THE “SHARK”[17]
THE “FULTON”[23]
EMERGING TO TAKE BEARINGS[47]
BENEATH THE WAVES[53]
INTERIOR OF FIRST BRITISH SUBMARINES[65]
SUBMARINE OF A. CONSTANTIN[70]
“GOUBET II.”[71]
M. GOUBET GOING UNDER WATER[72]
PROFESSOR TUCK’S SUBMARINE[75]
INSIDE THE “GOUBET”[86]
GASOLINE ENGINES OF FIRST BRITISH SUBMARINES[87]
ARMAMENT AND PERISCOPE OF THE “GOUBET”[91]
THE “GOUBET” OUT OF WATER[110]
INTERIOR OF A BRITISH SUBMARINE[111]
THE SUBMARINE IN ACTION[123]
EXIT SUBMARINE (AN ORIGINAL SKETCH BY A. H. BURGOYNE)[143]
THE EARLIEST PICTURE OF A SUBMARINE[159]
M. BAUER’S “DIABLE MARIN”[167]
M. APOSTOLOFF’S PROPOSED SUBMARINE (BY A. H. BURGOYNE)[173]
THE “INTELLIGENT WHALE”[175]
THE “AQUAPEDE”[179]
BUSHNELL’S SUBMARINE[183]
BUSHNELL’S SUBMARINE[188]
THE “NAUTILUS”[193]
THE “DAVID”[207]
THE SINKING OF THE “HOUSATONIC”[210]
THE “SPUTYEN DUYVIL”[213]
INTERIOR OF THE WHITEHEAD TORPEDO[221]
THE FIRING OF A TORPEDO[227]
A BRITISH DESTROYER[232]
“NORDENFELT II.” RUNNING AWASH[237]
“NORDENFELT II.” AT CONSTANTINOPLE[242]
MR. HOLLAND’S EARLIEST SUBMARINE[262]
BOW VIEW OF THE “HOLLAND”[265]
STERN VIEW OF THE “HOLLAND”[271]
“GYMNOTE”[285]
“GUSTAVE ZÉDÉ”[289]
“NARVAL”[303]
“NARVAL” ON SURFACE[305]
“NARVAL” AWASH[307]
“PERAL”[315]
“ARGONAUT” IN DRY DOCK[321]
“ARGONAUT” AWASH[325]
“ARGONAUT” ON THE SEA BOTTOM[329]

PART I

CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTORY

“The submarine craft is a miracle of ingenuity though Nelson and his hearts of oak, fighting only on deck, in God’s free air, and with ‘the meteor flag of England’ fluttering overhead, would have loathed and scorned her burglarious, area-sneak dodges down below.”

In modern under-water warfare two weapons are employed, the Mine and the Torpedo. Both are explosive devices, but whilst mines are stationary, torpedoes are endowed with the power of locomotion in some form or another.

The modern submarine boat is in reality a diving torpedo-boat and like all other torpedo craft of the present day its function is to discharge automobile torpedoes.

The submarine boat is sometimes said to be the child of the torpedo-boat. As a matter of fact the earliest known torpedo vessel was designed to do its work under water.

In 1776 an attack was made on the English frigate H.M.S. Eagle, and in 1777 on the English man-of-war H.M.S. Cerberus by a submarine vessel invented by David Bushnell and provided with “torpedoes.” Although no injury was inflicted on these ships, three of the crew of a prize schooner astern of the Cerberus, in hauling one of Bushnell’s drifting torpedoes on board, were killed by its explosion.