TABLE OF CONTENTS
THE FOUNDING OF THE COLONIES
[I.] THE BACKGROUND AND THE DISCOVERY
[Growth of Geographical Knowledge]
[Portuguese Discoveries]
[Columbus and the Discovery of America]
[II.] THE FOUNDING OF NEW SPAIN (1492-1543)
[Spain during the Conquest]
[The Occupation of the West Indies]
[Beginnings of Colonial Administration and Policy]
[Exploration of the Mainland Coasts and the Search for a Strait]
[The Mayas and the Nahuas]
[The Conquest of Central America]
[The Conquest of the Valley of Mexico]
[The Spread of the Conquest]
[Explorations in the Northern Interior and on the Pacific]
[The Establishment of the Viceroyalty of New Spain]
[III.] THE EXPANSION OF NEW SPAIN (1543-1609)
[Old and New Spain under Philip II]
[The Mines of Northern Mexico]
[The Settlement of the Atlantic Seaboard]
[Foreign Intrusions in the Atlantic]
[The Philippines and California]
[The Founding of New Mexico]
[Spanish Achievements in the 16th Century]
[IV.] THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE FRENCH COLONIES (1500-1700)
[The French Background]
[Early Explorations and Colonizing Efforts]
[Acadia]
[The St. Lawrence Valley]
[Reorganization and the Iroquois Wars]
[The West Indies]
[Opening the Upper Lake Region and the Mississippi Valley]
[V.] THE BEGINNINGS OF ENGLISH EXPANSION (1485-1603)
[The Tudor Period]
[Commercial Expansion]
[The Elizabethan Sea-dogs]
[The Search for a Northwest Passage]
[Attempts at Colonization]
[VI.] THE CHESAPEAKE BAY AND INSULAR COLONIES (1603-1640)
[England under the Early Stuarts, 1603-1640]
[The Colonial Administrative System of the Early Stuarts]
[The Founding of Virginia]
[The Founding of Maryland]
[The Bermudas]
[Guiana]
[The Lesser Antilles]
[The Providence Island Company]
[VII.] THE BEGINNINGS OF NEW ENGLAND (1606-1640)
[The Puritan Movement in England]
[The Plymouth Colony]
[Colonizing Activities on the New England Coast]
[The Massachusetts Bay Colony]
[Expansion of the Massachusetts Bay Colony]
Rhode Island
[Settlements in the Connecticut Valley]
[VIII.] THE ENGLISH COLONIES DURING THE REVOLUTIONARY PERIOD (1640-1660)
[Politics, Administration, and Expansion]
[New England Development]
[Virginia and Maryland]
[IX.] THE DUTCH AND SWEDISH COLONIES (1609-1664)
[Dutch Expansion]
[New Netherlands]
[The Dutch and the Swedes on the Delaware]
[Absorption of New Netherlands by the English]
[X.] THE OLD ENGLISH COLONIES UNDER THE LATER STUARTS (1660-1689)
[Colonial Policy and Administration]
[Machinery of Government]
[Misrule and Rebellion in Virginia]
[Discontent in Maryland]
[Royal Interference in New England]
[XI.] EXPANSION UNDER THE LATER STUARTS (1660-1689)
[New York]
[The Jerseys]
[Pennsylvania]
[The Insular Colonies]
[The Carolinas]
[Western Trade and Exploration]
[Hudson's Bay Company]
[XII.] THE ENGLISH MAINLAND COLONIES AT THE CLOSE OF THE SEVENTEENTH
CENTURY
[New England]
[New York and East New Jersey]
[Colonies along Delaware River and Bay]
[The Chesapeake Bay Region]
[South Carolina]
EXPANSION AND INTERNATIONAL CONFLICT
[XIII.] THE SPANISH ADVANCE IN THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY
[Spain and the Colonies in the Seventeenth Century]
[Frontier Administration]
[The Missions]
[The Jesuits in Sinaloa and Sonora]
[Efforts to Occupy Lower California]
[The Settlement of Chihuahua]
[New Mexico in the Seventeenth Century]
[Coahuila Occupied]
[First Attempts in Eastern Texas]
[The Struggle with Rivals in the West Indies]
[The Struggle with the English on the Carolina Border]
[XIV.] THE WARS OF THE ENGLISH AND SPANISH SUCCESSIONS (1684-1713)
[The Preliminary Struggle for the Northern Fur Country]
[The War of the English Succession]
[The War of the Spanish Succession]
[The Peace of Utrecht]
[XV.] THE FRENCH IN LOUISIANA AND THE FAR NORTHWEST (1699-1762)
[The Founding of Louisiana]
[Louisiana under the Company of the Indies]
[Louisiana under the Royal Governors]
[The Trans-Mississippi West]
[The Advance Toward New Mexico]
[The Far Northwest]
[XVI.] TEXAS, PIMERÍA ALTA, AND THE FRANCO-SPANISH BORDER CONFLICT
(1687-1763)
[Northeastward Advance of the Spanish Frontier]
[The Founding of Texas]
[War with France]
[The Expansion of Texas]
[The Franco-Spanish Border]
[Pimería Alta]
[The Jesuits in Lower California]
[XVII.] THE ENGLISH ADVANCE INTO THE PIEDMONT (1715-1750)
[The Westward Movement]
[Defence of the Northern Frontier]
[Reorganization of the Carolinas]
[The Founding of Georgia]
[The German and Swiss Migration]
[The Scotch-Irish]
[Significance of the Settlement of the Piedmont]
[XVIII.] ENGLISH COLONIAL SOCIETY IN THE MIDDLE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY
[General Features]
[New England Industry]
[The Middle Colonies]
[The Southern Colonies]
[Labor Systems]
[Features of Society]
[Barbados, the Leeward Isles, and Jamaica]
[XIX.] THE ENGLISH COLONIAL SYSTEM (1689-1763)
[The First Reorganization of William III]
[William's Second Reorganizatio]n
[The Colonial System During the Reign of Anne]
[The Colonial System Under the Whigs]
[XX.] A QUARTER-CENTURY OF CONFLICT: THE EXPULSION OF THE FRENCH
(1715-1763)
[Spain and the Powers, 1715-1739]
[The War of Jenkins' Ear]
[The War of the Austrian Succession]
[The Approach of Another Conflict]
[The French and Indian War]
[XXI.] THE RUSSIAN ADVANCE: THE OCCUPATION OF ALTA CALIFORNIA AND
LOUISIANA BY SPAIN (1763-1783)
[Readjustment in Spanish North America]
[The Russian Menace]
[The Founding of Alta California]
[Northern Explorations]
[Louisiana under Spain, 1762-1783]
[XXII.] THE NEW BRITISH POSSESSIONS (1763-1783)
[Provisions for Defence, Government, and the Fur Trade]
[The Occupation of the Floridas]
[Military Occupation of the Illinois Country]
[Land Speculation and Plans for Western Colonies]
[Trans-Alleghany Settlement]
[The Province of Quebec]
[The Northern Fur Traders]
THE REVOLT OF THE ENGLISH COLONIES
[XXIII.] THE CONTROVERSY OF THE ENGLISH COLONIES WITH THE HOME
GOVERNMENT (1763-1775)
[The Background of the Contest]
[Reforms of the Grenville Ministry]
[Repeal of the Stamp Act]
[The Townshend Acts]
[Beginning of Organized Resistance]
[The Tea Controversy]
[Lord North's Coercive Policy]
[The First Continental Congress]
[XXIV.] FROM LEXINGTON TO INDEPENDENCE (1775-1776)
[The Opening of Hostilities]
[The Second Continental Congress]
[Progress of the War]
[The Loyalists]
[The Declaration of Independence]
[XXV.] THE STRUGGLE FOR THE MIDDLE STATES (1776-1777)
[The Contest for New York]
[The New Jersey Campaign]
[The Struggle with Burgoyne]
[The Contest for Philadelphia]
[XXVI.] THE WAR AS AN INTERNATIONAL CONTEST (1778-1781)
[The French Alliance]
[The War in the West]
[Spain in the War]
[The War on the Sea and the Dutch Alliance]
[XXVII.] THE CLOSING YEARS OF THE REVOLUTION (1778-1783)
[The War in the South]
[The Yorktown Campaign]
[The Treaty of Peace]
[XXVIII.] GOVERNMENTAL DEVELOPMENT DURING THE REVOLUTION
[The Second Continental Congress]
[Financial Affairs]
[State Governments during the Revolution]
[The Articles of Confederation]
[Governmental Reorganization]
LIST OF MAPS
[Portuguese Expansion and Magellan's Voyage]
[The Four Voyages of Columbus]
[The Unification of Spain]
[The Development of the West Indies, 1492-1519]
[The Development of Central America, 1500-1543]
[The Development of Southern Mexico, 1519-1543]
[Explorations in the Northern Interior, 1513-1543]
[The Advance into Northern Mexico, 1543-1590]
[Spanish Florida]
[Explorations on the California Coast, 1542-1603]
[New Mexico in Oñate's Time]
[Cartier's Explorations, 1534-1542]
[The French in Canada in the Seventeenth Century]
[The Caribbean Area in the Seventeenth Century]
[La Salle's Colony on the Texas Coast, 1684-1689]
[Settlements in Virginia, 1634]
[Settlements in Maryland, 1634]
[The Bermudas]
[Principal Settlements in Massachusetts, 1630]
[Settled Areas in New England, about 1660]
[Settled Areas in Virginia and Maryland, about 1660]
[Van Der Donck's Map of New Netherland, 1656]
[New Sweden]
[The Delaware River Region, 1665-1774]
[The Southern Colonies, 1607-1735]
[Hudson's Bay Company Posts]
[Settled Areas in New England and on Long Island, about 1700]
[Settled Areas in the Middle Colonies, about 1700]
[Settled Areas in the Southern Colonies, about 1700]
[Sinaloa and Sonora in the Seventeenth Century]
[A Dutch Map Illustrating the Insular Theory of California's Geography (1624-1625)]
[New Mexico in the Seventeenth Century]
[The Beginnings of Coahuila and Texas]
[The Intercolonial Wars]
[The French in Louisiana and the Far Northwest]
[Texas in the 18th Century]
[Father Kino's Map of Pimería Alta]
[Mainland Regions occupied by the English, 1700-1760]
[Principal Areas of German Settlement before 1763]
[The Areas Largely Populated by Scotch-Irish before 1763]
[The Western English Frontier, 1763]
[Alta California Settlements]
[The Spanish Frontier in the Later Eighteenth Century]
[The New British Possessions, 1763-1783]
[Boston with Environs During the Revolution]
[Northern New Jersey, New York and Its Environs during the Revolution]
[The Region of Burgoyne's Invasion (1777)]
[Morristown, New Jersey, to Head of Elk, Maryland (1777)]
[The War in the South (1778-1781)]