[22] G. D. H. Cole, "Payment of Wages," page 30. Discussion of the speeding up question. The best analysis of the problem created by the introduction of new and simplifying machine processes in skilled trades is to be found in a volume called "Labor, Finance, and the War," Report of the Committee of Investigation (1917), The Econ. Section, British Assn. Advancement of Science. In the same volume there is a careful analysis of the whole question of limitation of output. See also the chapter called "Unemployment" in Lord Askwith's "Industrial Problems and Disputes."
[23] See A. L. Bowley, "Distribution of Income in the United Kingdom Before the War."
[24] Report of the Commission on the "Decline of Agricultural Population" (Great Britain), 1906, page 14, CD 3273.
[25] H. Clay, "Economics for the General Reader," pages 237-38. See also Essay by the same author entitled, "The War and the Status of the Wage Earner" in a volume entitled, "The Industrial Outlook" for a more extensive analysis of the part played by the standard of life in fixing wages.
[26] A. Marshall, "Principles of Economics" (7th edition), page 642.
[27] Adam Smith, "Wealth of Nations" (Cannan's Ed.), Book I, pages 101-2.
[28] F. W. Taussig, "Principles of Economics" (Revised Edition), Vol. II, page 124.
[29] The phrase "each and all of the labor groups" is used to indicate that the level of earnings of all the labor groups is determined largely by forces which affect them greatly (those examined in this chapter), and yet that the determination of the level of earnings of each group is something of a separate process—due to the fact that the suppositions underlying the idea of a general rate of wages are not fulfilled.