§ 4. The characteristics of the standard wage examined.

§ 5. The effect of the standard wage on individual independence and initiative.

§ 6. The effect of the standard wage on the distribution of employment within the group.

§ 7. Its effect upon industrial organization, prices, and managerial ability.

§ 8. Its effect upon the output of the wage earners. This question cannot be satisfactorily discussed apart from the larger one—that of the effect of unionism upon production.

§ 9. Wage standardization and the "rate of turnover" of labor.

Chapter VIII—The Standard Wage (Continued) [147]

§ 1. What variations or limitations should be introduced into the principle of standardization in view of the great area and economic diversity of the United States?

§ 2. Differences in natural or acquired advantage between different enterprises as a reason for modification and limitation of the principle.

§ 3. Differences in the character of the work performed by any large group of wage earners as a reason.