││

├───────┐Marsupialia

AvesReptilia│

Placentalia

Placentalia
├─Villiplacentalia
│├─Edentata
│├─Ungulata
││├─Solidungula
││├─Ruminantia
││└─Pachydermata
│└─Cetacea
┠─Zenoplacentalia Carnaria
│├─Carnivora
│└─Pinnipedia
└─Discoplacentalia Prosimiæ
├─Prosimiæ (Lemurs)
├─Insectivora
├─Rodentia
├─Cheiroptera
└─Simiæ (Apes)
├─Platyrrhini
└─Catarrhini Menocerca
├─Tailed Baboons + Macaques
└─Anthropoidæ Man─like Apes
├─Gibbon + Orang
├─Chimpanzee + Gorilla
└─Alali (Ape─like Men)
├─Woolly─haired Alali
│├─Papuan
│├─Hottentot
│├─Negro
│└─Caffre
└─Straight─haired Alali
├─Australian
└─Polynesian or Malay
├─Caucasian or Iranian
│├─Aryan or Indo─European
│└─Semitic
└─Mongolian or Turanian
├─Mongols of China
└─Mongols of America

SECTION OF EARTH’S CRUST
Showing the different Geological Strata and Biological Ascent

KAINO­ZOIC
OR
TERTIARY
RECENTIRON AGEStrata DepositsFossils, Bones, etc FoundMan’s Ascent
Recent Earth DepositsHistoric Era; Manufacture of Iron ArticlesHomo Sapiens
BRONZE AGERecent Earth DepositsConsiderable advance in civilization. Manufactureof Bronze implements.Homo Cultus
POST-­PLEIOCENE
QUATER­NARYOR PLEIST­OCENE
NEOLITHICGlacial DepositsRemains of Lake Dwellings. Manufactureof Pottery.Homo Semi-ferox
PALÆO­LITHICGlacial DepositsFossil Cave-men, Stone, bone, + horn implements.Mammoth Reindeer, Hyœna, etc.Homo Ferox
PLEIOCENEWhite and Red Crags of BritainApes, Bears & HyœnasAlali Anthropœdæ
MEIOCENEArctic Coal, Limestone, Sands,Clays, and LignitesMarsupials, Squirrels, Mastodon, Rhinoceros,Anthropo­morphous ApesMenocerca Simiæ
EOCENESandstone, Limestone, Sands, Clays, Marls,Lignites, Coral, RagEquine forms, Bats, Lemurs, MarsupialsProsimiæ Placentalia
MESO­ZOIC
OR
SECOND­ARY
CRETA­CEOUSClays, Sands, SoftLimestones, LignitesBirds, Reptiles and MarsupialsMarsupialia
JURASSIC
OR
OÖLITIC
Limestones, Coral rags,Lignites, Clays, Marls, Coal Lies at baseBird-reptiles, several Marsupial speciesMarsupialia
TRIASSICSandstones, Limestones, ClaysGigantic Reptiles, Small MarsupialsPromammalia
PALÆO­ZOIC
OR
PRIMARY
PERMIANMarls, Magnesianlimestones, Conglomerates.Reptiles Protamnia
CARBON­IFEROUSCarboniferous limestone,Coal, Ironstone, Sandstone, Clay, ShalesScorpions, Spiders, Beetles, Flies, AmphibiaUrodela Sozobranchii
DEVONIANOld Red Sandstone,Shales, Coralline LimestoneFossil land plants, Fishes,First fossil insectDipnoi Selachii
SILURIANSlates, Limestone, Conglomerates, Shales,SandstonesCorals, Spiral Shells, King-Crabs,Plates & Scales of Fishes, Annelides (sea-worms)Monorrhini Acrania
CAMBRIANSlates, Limestone, ConglomeratesSea-weeds, Sponges, Star-fishes Sea-lilies,Shell-fish, First land plantHimatega Turbellaria Gastrœada
HURONIANPartially Metamorphosed Limestone, Sandstone,Slates, and ConglomeratesLowly organized MolluscsCiliata Synamœbæ Amœbæ
LAURENT­IANHighly Metamorphosed LimestoneFossil Foraminifera (Protozoa)Monera (Bioplasm)
AZOICPLUTONICMolten Granite & QuartzPartially or Wholly Igneous. Base of all rocksNo life remainsNo life remains