││

├───────┐Marsupialia

AvesReptilia│

Placentalia

Placentalia
─Villiplacentalia
─Edentata
─Ungulata
─Solidungula
─Ruminantia
─Pachydermata
─Cetacea
─Zenoplacentalia Carnaria
─Carnivora
─Pinnipedia
─Discoplacentalia Prosimiæ
─Prosimiæ (Lemurs)
─Insectivora
─Rodentia
─Cheiroptera
─Simiæ (Apes)
─Platyrrhini
─Catarrhini Menocerca
─Tailed Baboons + Macaques
─Anthropoidæ Man─like Apes
─Gibbon + Orang
─Chimpanzee + Gorilla
─Alali (Ape─like Men)
─Woolly─haired Alali
─Papuan
─Hottentot
─Negro
─Caffre
─Straight─haired Alali
─Australian
─Polynesian or Malay
─Caucasian or Iranian
─Aryan or Indo─European
─Semitic
─Mongolian or Turanian
─Mongols of China
─Mongols of America

SECTION OF EARTH’S CRUST
Showing the different Geological Strata and Biological Ascent

KAINO­ZOIC
OR
TERTIARY
RECENTIRON AGEStrata DepositsFossils, Bones, etc FoundMan’s Ascent
Recent Earth DepositsHistoric Era; Manufacture of Iron ArticlesHomo Sapiens
BRONZE AGERecent Earth DepositsConsiderable advance in civilization. Manufactureof Bronze implements.Homo Cultus
POST-­PLEIOCENE
QUATER­NARYOR PLEIST­OCENE
NEOLITHICGlacial DepositsRemains of Lake Dwellings. Manufactureof Pottery.Homo Semi-ferox
PALÆO­LITHICGlacial DepositsFossil Cave-men, Stone, bone, + horn implements.Mammoth Reindeer, Hyœna, etc.Homo Ferox
PLEIOCENEWhite and Red Crags of BritainApes, Bears & HyœnasAlali Anthropœdæ
MEIOCENEArctic Coal, Limestone, Sands,Clays, and LignitesMarsupials, Squirrels, Mastodon, Rhinoceros,Anthropo­morphous ApesMenocerca Simiæ
EOCENESandstone, Limestone, Sands, Clays, Marls,Lignites, Coral, RagEquine forms, Bats, Lemurs, MarsupialsProsimiæ Placentalia
MESO­ZOIC
OR
SECOND­ARY
CRETA­CEOUSClays, Sands, SoftLimestones, LignitesBirds, Reptiles and MarsupialsMarsupialia
JURASSIC
OR
OÖLITIC
Limestones, Coral rags,Lignites, Clays, Marls, Coal Lies at baseBird-reptiles, several Marsupial speciesMarsupialia
TRIASSICSandstones, Limestones, ClaysGigantic Reptiles, Small MarsupialsPromammalia
PALÆO­ZOIC
OR
PRIMARY
PERMIANMarls, Magnesianlimestones, Conglomerates.Reptiles Protamnia
CARBON­IFEROUSCarboniferous limestone,Coal, Ironstone, Sandstone, Clay, ShalesScorpions, Spiders, Beetles, Flies, AmphibiaUrodela Sozobranchii
DEVONIANOld Red Sandstone,Shales, Coralline LimestoneFossil land plants, Fishes,First fossil insectDipnoi Selachii
SILURIANSlates, Limestone, Conglomerates, Shales,SandstonesCorals, Spiral Shells, King-Crabs,Plates & Scales of Fishes, Annelides (sea-worms)Monorrhini Acrania
CAMBRIANSlates, Limestone, ConglomeratesSea-weeds, Sponges, Star-fishes Sea-lilies,Shell-fish, First land plantHimatega Turbellaria Gastrœada
HURONIANPartially Metamorphosed Limestone, Sandstone,Slates, and ConglomeratesLowly organized MolluscsCiliata Synamœbæ Amœbæ
LAURENT­IANHighly Metamorphosed LimestoneFossil Foraminifera (Protozoa)Monera (Bioplasm)
AZOICPLUTONICMolten Granite & QuartzPartially or Wholly Igneous. Base of all rocksNo life remainsNo life remains