[47] Marsigli, Stato Militare dell’ Imperio Ottomano (1732), vol. i.

[48] Albèri III, i, p. 11. Danielo di Ludovisi.

[49] Roum means Roman, from the Roman or Byzantine empire whose territory had largely passed to Turkey.

[50] Sandjak is literally banner.

[51] Juchereau de Saint Denis, quoted by Ludovisi.

[52] Albrecht, Grundriss des osmanischen Staatsrechts, p. 68. Also von Hammer, p. 166.

[53] Petchevi, Tarih Osmanieh, vol. i, p. 79.

[54] A piastre was about 89 cents in that century.

[55] D’Ohsson, op. cit., vol. ii, p. 337.

[56] Harem means set apart, sacred, or accursed‐taboo, and is a term applied to the women of a Moslem household.