[55] "Parties and Slavery," Theodore Clarke Smith, professor of history in Williams College, p. 96.

[56] "Rhodes," vol. I, p. 192.

[57] Vol. I, p. 66.

[58] Smith, "Parties and Slavery," pp. 118-20.

[59] The writer's father, who had been a nullifier and a lifelong follower of Calhoun, joined the Know-Nothings in the hope of saving the Union, but withdrew when he found that in the North the party was not true to its Union pledges. Here was a typical case of Southern unwillingness to resort to secession.

[60] Ib., pp. 138-9.

[61] Theodore Clarke Smith, "Parties and Slavery."

[62] Garrison's "Garrison."

[63] "The Negro and the Nation," George Spring Merriam, p. 120.

[64] Sanborn's "Life of John Brown," p. 466.