[413] Chadwick, Causes of the Civil War, 87.

[414] Villard, 415.

[415] Sanborn, 557.

[416] Mansfield had been killed and Crawford wounded, on the 17th, at Antietam.

[417] A recollection of the scene at the top of Maryland Heights by a survivor of Knipe's column, is of a mound of stones raised over a shallow grave. It was located near where the Confederate line of battle had been formed. Upon a piece of cracker-box, that was held in place by the stones marking the grave, a comrade's hand had cut in rude letters this tribute to a gallant soul who had met a soldier's death upon these rugged heights. It read:

"SERGT.—[Name forgotten]
CO. H. 7th. S. C.
THE BRAVE DIE
BUT ONCE."

[418] Mason Report, 66-67.

[419] Redpath, 8.

[420] Sanborn, 122.

[421] Villard, 436.