5310 ([return])
[ "État des congrégations, communantés et associations religieuses, autorisées et non-autorisées, dressé en execution" according to article 12, law of Dec. 28, 1876. (Imprimerie nationale, 1878)—"L'Institut des frères des écoles chrétiennes," by Eugène Rendu (1882), p. 10.—Th. W. Allies, "Journal d'un voyage en France, p.81. (Conversation with Brother Philippe, July 16, 1845.)—"Statistique de Institut des Frères des Ecoles Chrétiennes," Dec.31, 1888. (Drawn up by the head establishment.) Out of the 121 houses of 1789, there were 117 of these in France and 4 in the colonies. Out of the 1,286 houses of 1888, there are 1,010 in France and in the colonies. The other 276 are in other countries.]
5311 ([return])
[ Émile Keller, "Les Congrégations religieuses en France" (1880), preface, xxIII., xvIII., and p. 492.]
5312 ([return])
[ In 1789, 37,000 Sisters; in 1866, 86,000 Sisters ("Statistique de la France," 1866); in 1878, 127,753 Sisters ("État des congrégations," etc.).]
5313 ([return])
[. (But today, around 1990, there are only 5 nuns per 10,000 inhabitants. SR.)]
5314 ([return])
[ Émile Keller, ibid., passim.—In many communities of men and of women the personal expenses of each member are not over 300 francs per annum; with the Trappists at Devielle this is the maximum.—If the value of the useful labor performed by these 160,000 monks and nuns be estimated at 1000 francs per head, which is below the real figures, the total is 160 millions per annum; estimate the expenses of each monk or nun at 500 francs per head and the total is 80 millions a year. The net gain to the public is 80 millions per annum.]