Grateful acknowledgment for kind assistance freely rendered in many different ways is due to President Villazon of Bolivia, the late President Montt of Chile, and President Leguia of Peru; to Secretary, now Senator, Root and the officials of the Diplomatic and Consular Service; to Professor Rowe and my fellow delegates to the Pan-American Scientific Congress; and particularly to J. Luis Schaefer, Esq., W. S. Eyre, Esq., and their courteous associates of the house of W. R. Grace & Co. Although business houses rarely take the trouble to make the path of the scientist or investigator more comfortable, it would be no easy task to enumerate all the favors that were shown, not only to me, but also to the other members of the American delegation, by Messrs. Grace & Co. and the managers and clerks of their many branches.

Acknowledgments are likewise due to the officials of the Buenos Aires and Rosario Railroad, the Peruvian Corporation, and the Bolivia Railway; and to Colonel A. de Pederneiras, Sr. Amaral Franco, Don Santiago Hutcheon, Sr. C. A. Novoa, Sr. Arturo Pino Toranzo, Dr. Alejandro Ayalá, Captain Louis Merino of the Chilean army, Don Moises Vargas, Sr. Lopez Chavez, and Messrs. Charles L. Wilson, A. G. Snyder, U. S. Grant Smith, J. B. Beazley, D. S. Iglehart, John Pierce Hope, Rankin Johnson, Rea Hanna, and a host of others who helped to make my journey easier and more profitable.

I desire also to express my gratitude, for unnumbered kindnesses, both to Huntington Smith, who accompanied me during the first part of my journey, and to Clarence Hay, who was my faithful companion on the latter part.

Some parts of the story have already been told in the “American Anthropologist,” the “American Political Science Review,” the “Popular Science Monthly,” the “Bulletin of the American Geographical Society,” the “Records of the Past,” and the “Yale Courant,” to whose editors acknowledgment is due for permission to use the material in its present form.

Hiram Bingham.

Yale University, New Haven, Conn.
20 November, 1910.

CONTENTS

PAGE
[I.] Pernambuco and Bahia[3]
[II.] Rio, Santos, and Brazilian Trade[16]
[III.] Buenos Aires[29]
[IV.] Argentine Independence and Spanish-American Solidarity[46]
[V.] The Tucuman Express[60]
[VI.] Through the Argentine Highlands[69]
[VII.] Across the Bolivian Frontier[81]
[VIII.] Tupiza to Cotagaita[92]
[IX.] Escara to Laja Tambo[104]
[X.] Potosí[117]
[XI.] Sucre, the de jure Capital of Bolivia[133]
[XII.] The Road to Challapata[148]
[XIII.] Oruro to Antofagasta and Valparaiso[164]
[XIV.] Santiago and the First Pan-American Scientific Congress[180]
[XV.] Northern Chile[198]
[XVI.] Southern Peru[211]
[XVII.] La Paz, the de facto Capital of Bolivia[224]
[XVIII.] The Bolivia Railway and Tiahuanaco[241]
[XIX.] Cuzco[254]
[XX.] Sacsahuaman[272]
[XXI.] The Inca Road to Abancay[280]
[XXII.] The Climb to Choqquequirau[296]
[XXIII.] Choqquequirau[307]
[XXIV.] Abancay to Chincheros[324]
[XXV.] Bombon to the Battlefield of Ayacucho[341]
[XXVI.] Ayacucho to Lima[360]
[XXVII.] Certain South American Traits[379]
Index: [A],[B],[C],[D],[E],[F],[G],[H],[I],[J],[K],[M],[N],[O],[P],[Q],[R],[S],[T],[U],[V],[W],[Y],[Z][393]