[Fig. 3.] The Figure Eight knot is similar to the over-hand knot except that the loose end of the rope is passed through the loop from the opposite side. It is commonly used to prevent a rope running through an eye or ring or tackle block. It is also used as the basis for ornamental knots, etc.
[Fig. 4.] The Double Figure Eight knot is made by forming a regular figure eight and then following around with the end of the other rope as shown.
[Fig. 5.] The Square knot is probably the commonest and most useful of all knots. It is strong and does not become jammed when being strained. Take the ends of the two ropes and pass the left end over and under the right end, then the right end over and under the left. Beware of the granny knot which is often mistaken for the square knot but is sure to slip under strain.
[Fig. 6.] The Reef knot is a slight modification of the square knot. It consists merely of using the bight of the left or right end instead of the end itself, and is tied exactly as is the square knot. This makes the knot easy to untie by pulling the free end of the bight or loop.
[Fig. 7.] If the Square or reef knot is used to join two ropes of unequal diameter, the knot is apt to slip unless the ends of the rope are whipped as shown.