[G] Forwarding muscular movement which advances food along the whole extent of the alimentary canal.
[H] The organic materials of human diet are usually classified into three divisions:—
(1) The Proteids, or Albuminates—the characterising element occurring being nitrogen. The nitrogenous foods are: flesh (without the fat), eggs, milk, cheese, legumes (peas, beans, lentils, etc.).
(2) The Fats, or Hydro-carbons. All animal and vegetable fats and oil. Emulsions of mineral oils have been shown to pass through the system unchanged, and therefore cannot be regarded as food.
(3) The Carbohydrates (sugars and starches): bread, potatoes, and grain generally.
Protein is the tissue builder; heat and energy are derived largely from the non-nitrogenous foods.
A Calorie (large) is the unit of heat required to raise one kilogram of water to 1° C. The full value of a food is ascertained by means of the calorimeter, or apparatus used to determine the specific heat of substances, or the amounts of heat evolved or absorbed in various physical and chemical changes. Calorimeters take very diverse forms, varying from quite simple vessels to highly complex apparatus, according to the particular kind of determination to be carried out in them.
[I] Although I have been a close student of the subject for more than fifteen years in the best physiological-chemical laboratories for long periods of time—and always emulating the man from Missouri in demanding of the wise ones in the science of the laboratories to "Show me!"—I make the statements relative to what happens below the guillotine line in Mother Nature's exclusive territory of responsibility on the authority of the laboratory territory experts; but only, mind you, when my personal observations and business logic approve the conclusion. Therefore, when I tell you that starch turned into dextrose, or "grape sugar," is assimilable as nourishment, and that starch which is not thus chemically transformed by saliva is not capable of becoming nourishment, I am not "speaking by the book," which Mother Nature has opened for me to read—unless biological-chemists can be considered to be extra-enlightened forms of nature.
[J] Dr. Prof. J. P. Pawlow, Director of the Department of Experimental Physiology in the Russian Imperial Military School of Medicine, &c.
[K] Literally "Butter-goose"; a table set apart, with bread and butter and a variety of snacks.