Investitures, [152]

Iona, [42], [62]

Ireland, conquest of, [151]; gold in, [99]

Islam, [70]

Italian cities, independence of, [163] et seq.

Janissaries, the, [219]

Jerusalem, kingdom of, [136]; regained by Saracens, [138]

Jews in Spain, [176]

Joan of Arc, [200]

Joglars, [157]