| Pawn | = 1.00 |
| Knight | = 3.05 |
| Bishop | = 3.50 |
| Rook | = 5.48 |
| Queen | = 9.94 |
The King, from the nature of the game, which does not admit of his being exchanged or captured, is invaluable, and he is not, therefore, included in the calculations.
The Pawn, it is seen, is the least valuable of all the men, the Knight being worth at least three Pawns.
The Bishops and Knights are practically considered of equal value, although there is a difference in the estimate here given.
A Rook is of the value of five Pawns and a fraction, and may be exchanged for a minor Piece and two Pawns. Two Rooks may be exchanged for three minor Pieces.
The Queen is usually reckoned equal, in average situations, to two Rooks and a Pawn, but towards the end of a game she is hardly so valuable as two Rooks.
These comparative values may be of service to the student in general cases of exchanging men, but he will find in practice the relative worth of his soldiers is modified by so many circumstances of time, opportunity, and position, that nothing but experience can ever teach him to determine accurately in every case "which to give up and which to keep."
THE CHESS CODE.
OR, LAWS OF THE GAME.
DEFINITIONS OF TERMS USED.
Whenever the word "Umpire" is used herein, it stands for any Committee having charge of Matches or Tournaments, with power to determine questions of chess-law and rules; or for any duly appointed Referee, or Umpire; for the bystanders, when properly appealed to; or for any person, present or absent, to whom may be referred any disputed questions; or for any other authority whomsoever having power to determine such questions.