[XXV-2] The plenipotentiaries of the U. S. were R. G. Anderson, then minister to Bogotá, and J. Sergeant. Anderson died at Cartagena while on his journey to the Isthmus. Sergeant arrived too late, but afterward proceeded to Mexico for the purpose of carrying out his instructions. Full particulars on the course of the U. S. government will be found in Niles' Reg., xxviii. 131-2; xxix. index 'Panamá' and 'Congress,' subhead 'Pan.;' xxx. index, p. iv., p. vii., 54-172, passim, 248; xxxi. index 'Pan.,' 263, 318, 400, 16, 38, 44-7, 65, 129, 312-16; xxxii. 214, 282, 308; xxxvi. index 'Pan.', p. iii., 23-80, passim; Benton's Thirty Years, i. 65-9; Am. St. Pap., For. Rel., v. 834-40, 899-905, 916-20; vi. (new set) 356-65, 383-4, 555; U. S. Cong. Debates, 1825-6, i. index, p. ii. iii. viii. x.; ii., app. p. 43-105; Id., 1828-9, Index, p. i.; U. S. Gov. Doc., Cong. 19, Sess. 1, H. Doc., 740; Id., H. Ex. Doc. 144, viii.; Id., Cong. 19, Sess. 2, H. Ex. Doc. 23, ii. St. Pap.; Id., Cong. 19, Sess. 2, Sen. Doc., i. p. 9, vol. i.; Id., Cong. 19, Sess. 1, Sen. Jour., 411-70; Id., Cong. 19, Sess. 1, Rept Commit., ii. Doc. 137, app. nos. 36-41; Pan. Miss. Speeches; Johnson's Speech on Pan. Miss.; Hayne's Speech on Pan. Miss., Mayer's Mex. as it was, etc., 368; Rev. Amér., 111-25, 542-8; Dem. Rev., i. 489; Young's Am. Statesman, 352-61; Lafond, Voy., i. bk. i. 289-90; N. Am. Rev., xxi. 162-76; Am. Annual Reg., 1825-6, 79-126; Pub. Doc. 49, 103.
[XXV-3] Dawkins, the British commissioner, according to Restrepo, Hist. Revol. Colombia, acted with commendable frankness. He limited himself to imparting good advice, assuring the Sp. Am. plenipotentiaries that his government would assuredly mediate with Spain; meantime they should avoid all cause of offence to European powers. Col Van Veer, the gentleman from Holland, held no public capacity; his mission was a private one, confined to the expression of his sovereign's warm wishes for the happiness of the American republics. Bidwell's Isth. Pan., 186-90.
[XXV-4] Their representatives were: for Colombia, Pedro Gual and Pedro Briceño Mendez; for Central America, Pedro Molina and Antonio Larrazábal; for Peru, Manuel de Vidaurre and Manuel Perez de Tudela; and for Mexico, José Mariano Michelena and José Dominguez. Santangelo, Cong. Pan., 1-166.
[XXV-5] In proof of the assertion, Colombia was to furnish 15,250 men of the three arms, one line-of-battle ship of 70 to 80 guns, one frigate of 64, and two of 44. These vessels would cost her nearly two and a quarter million dollars, besides the expense to maintain them armed, manned, and otherwise thoroughly equipped. Where was Colombia, already burdened with a considerable annual deficit, to get the means for supporting such an army and navy?
[XXV-6] On the 8th of Aug., 1826, he wrote to Gen. Paez from Lima: 'The congress of Panamá, an admirable institution were it more efficacious, resembles the Greek lunatic that wanted to direct from a rock the sailing of ships. Its power will be but a shadow, and its decrees mere counsels.' Caicedo, Union Lat. Am., 33-10, 97-110.
[XXV-7] There were doubtless other reasons, such as the agitations menacing Colombia, fear of an invasion by France in the name of the holy alliance; or the bad climate and lack of facilities in Panamá. Méx., El Sol, no. 1203; Guat., Redaitor Gen., suppl. to no. 27; Marure, Bosq. Hist. Cent. Am., i. 138-9.
[XXV-8] The enemies of Bolívar accused him of aiming, through an American league, at the control of all Spanish America to make himself its ruler. The following authorities have also treated more or less fully of the Panamá congress: Mora, Revol. Mej., i. 354-8; La Palanca, Sept. 14, Oct. 26, 1826; Zavala, Revol. Mex., i. 389-90; Cuevas, Porvenir, 387-497; Mex., Mem. Rel., 1827, Doc. 2, 11-13; Bustamante, Voz de la Patria, ii. no. 15, 2-3; Amigo del Pueblo, ii. no. 5, 132-3; iii. 395-419; iv. 223-4; Cor. Fed. Mex., Nov. 28, 1826; Rivera, Hist. Jalapa, ii. 395-6; Tornel, Breve Reseña, 48-50; Gaz. Mex. Extraord., 1826, i. no. 5; Mex., Gac. de Gob., July 4-Sept. 21, 1826, passim; Tucker's Monroe Doctrine, 23-36.
[XXV-9] The capital of Spanish Guiana, near the Orinoco and Old Guiana.
[XXV-10] Among the governors of Veragua were, in Jan. 1823, José M. Chiari; in June 1823, Miguel A. Figueredo; in 1824-5, Pedro Guillen; and in 1828, F. Fábrega. Gov. of Panamá, 1826, J. J. Argote. Intendente and comandante general of the departm. of the Isthmus in 1827, Col Man. Muñoz; in June 1828, J. Sardá. Veraguas, Gob., in Pinart, Pan. Col. Doc., MS., no. 29, 34; Pinart, Pan. Col. Doc., MS., no. 2, 80, et seq.
[XXV-11] José Vallarino of Panamá was one of its members, and soon after was made vice-president, and a little later councillor of state. A popular man in his section, he was at one time thought of for a senatorship, and at another for the presidency of the republic. In 1816 he had been the royal treasurer, an office conferred on him as a reward of his own past services, as well as of those of his father, Bernardo, and his uncle, Bruno, who had been a member of the council of the Indies. At the separation from the mother country he joined the independent movement, afterward holding several honorable positions. His descendants live on the Isthmus. Id., no. 1, 1-8.