[XXVII-63] Gisborne's Darien, 160-70, 205-9; Otis' Isth. Pan., 70-127; Harper's Mag., xvii. 19-28, 32-9; Tomes' Pan., 40-66. The following contain descriptions of other places as well as of the transit between the two seas: London Geog. Soc. Jour., i. 69-101; xxiii., 184; Niles' Reg., xxxviii. 141; Reichardt, Cent. Am., 201-2; Willey's Person. Mem., 37-8; Masset's Exper. of a '49er, MS., 1; Lachapelle's Raousset-Boulbon, 43-7; Champagnac, Voyageur, 175-6; Froebel, Aus Amerika, 211-31; Nic., Cor. Ist., May 30, 1850; Marryatt's Mountains, 1-17; Holinski, La Californie, 45-61; Rouhaud, Reg. Nouvelles, 167; Nouv. Annales des Voy., cxxiii. 220-2, 226-7; cxlv. 17-22; cxlvii. 15-17; Polynesian, v. 29; vi. 121; Thornton's Or. and Cal., ii. 348-54; Oswald Cal. und Seine, 87-92; Kelley's Canal Mantimera, 27-8; Auger, Voy. en Cal., 35-92; Saint-Amant, 25-62, 80-97; Griswold's Pan., 41-7; Rossi, Souvenirs, 47-50; Esguerra, Dicc. Geog. Colombia, 2-275; Pan., Gaceta, Jan. 23, 1881.
[XXVII-64] Department of Pan., including 18,378 in the city, 43,462; Coclé, 33,134; Colon, including 4,000 in that port, 1,057 in Chagres, and 1,319 in Portobello, 8,276; Los Santos, 37,670; Veragua, 36,210; Bocas del Toro, 5,250; Darien, 1,036. Pan., Mem. Sec. Fomento, 1882, 43-6. The population at the time the Isthmus seceded from Spain was variously estimated at from 80,000 to 111,550; 1843, 129,697; the census of 1863 yielded 180,000; but it is believed the population was made to appear larger than it really was, so as to gain one more representative in the national congress. The best informed citizens computed it at only 150,000. In 1868, 220,542, authorities keeping the same figures till 1879, excepting one estimate for 1874 reducing it to 174,000. Humboldt, Pers. Narr., vi., pt i. 142; Seemann's Voy., i. 296; Imray's Sail. Dir., 14; Bidwell's Isth. Pan., 178-80; Pan. Star and Herald, Feb. 18, 1868; Mex. Soc. Geog. Boletin, 3d ép. i. 728; Colombia, Diario Ofic., Sept. 6, 1872; Aug. 4, 1874; March 1, 1876; Esguerra, Dicc. Geog. Colomb., 171.
[XXVII-65] Veraguas, Decr. de la Cám.; Id., Notas Ofic.; Id., Ordenanzas, 1853; Chiriquí, Corresp. Gob. Nac., 1851; Id., Ofic. del Gob.; Id., Comp. de Fomento, 1855; all in Pinart, Pan. Coll. Doc., MSS., nos. 63, 65, 69, p. 25-7, no. 39, 4-9, no. 88, p. 22, no. 40, 1-4; besides other doc. in the same Coll., no. 31, p. 40-1, nos. 49, 50, 52, 103; U. S. Gov. Doc., H. Ex. Doc. 41, Cong. 36, Sess. 2, vi. 55; El Noticioso del Istmo Am., in the Californian, S. F., ii., June 12, 1847.
[XXVII-66] For their dwelling-places I refer to Native Races of the Pac. States, i. 795-7, this series.
[XXVII-67] In 1835. Veraguas, Dec. de la Cám., in Pin., Pan. Col. Doc., MS., no. 57, 17-22; Id., Informe, in Id., MS., no. 78.
[XXVII-68] Their chief at times visited the British consul at Panamá, but never agreed to his returning the visit at their homes. Seemann's Voy., i. 321. Neither would they accept presents from any white person. One of their chiefs who accepted a present was degraded by his tribe, and the present was sent back. Bidwell's Isth. Pan., 36.
[XXVII-69] Many persons were killed by the Bayanos in Oct. 1870; and their hostilities were repeated in 1874. Pan., Gaceta, Nov. 10, 1870; Dec. 23, 1873; Apr. 14, 1874; Id., Star and Herald, Feb. 17, March 12, 1874; Id., Informe Sec. Est., 1874, 18-19.
[XXVII-70] The lower classes are improvident and fond of dress and finery.
[XXVII-71] Low dresses without sleeves, and with lace trimmings on the bust.
[XXVII-72] There are many of them given to gossiping and propagating scandalous reports even about their friends. Politics and the bottle have in late years debauched many a fine young man, the vice of drunkenness of late gaining ground.