[XXX-5] The percentage of each dept given in Costa R., Gaceta, July 11, 1885, suppl. See also Annual Repts of Min. of Pub. Instruc., 1858-83; Wappäus, Mex. und Cent. Am., 359-60.
[XXX-6] Early in 1872 the university of Leon, the former Colegio Tridentino, had but three chairs and 66 alumni, and four classes of secondary instruction attended by 102 pupils; that of Granada had only a chair of law, and seven classes of secondary instruction attended by 160 pupils. In primary instruction, there were at that time only 92 schools for boys and 9 for girls, a number of them private, and one missionary in Cuapa, attended by 3,871 boys and 532 girls, out of a population of 205,500, or say 20 children out of 1,000 inhabitants; only 532 girls out of 18,000 of school age, and 4,000 boys out of 12,000, were receiving instruction. Lévy, Nic., 360-3. Teachers of pub. schools are paid $12 a month and a little extra in larger towns. That state of things was due mainly to the neglect of parents. The funds appropriated for education were constantly tampered with and defrauded; this was acknowledged by the minister of instruction. There were no schools for adults, no professional institutes. As a rule, wealthy families sent their sons to be educated abroad, or at least in Guat. There was in 1873 no scientific course provided with the requisite materials, no laboratories, no museum, no public or private collections, no observatory, nothing; not even a small library. The conclusion to be drawn from the above is that the general intellectual level could not be high.
[XXX-7] 'Fuera de la multitud de causas dependientes del carácter, y del estado social de nuestros pueblos ... no tenemos nuestros idóneos suficientes.' Mensaje, in Costa R., Gaceta, Feb. 4, 1885.
[XXX-8] The newspapers often contain fine poetical compositions by native writers.
[XXX-9] The following authorities contain further details: The official reports of ministers from 1850 to the present time; Nic., Dec. y Acuerdos, from 1851 down; Id., Gaceta, Oct. 14, 1848; March 31, 1849; and for years 1862 to 1874 passim, and others.
[XXX-10] Even in the dark days, when her affairs were in the hands of despotic rulers, education was not neglected as much as might have been expected.
[XXX-11] Montúfar, Reseña Hist., v. 52-3, 270.
[XXX-12] The Am. min., Jan. 8, 1872, says: 'Primary instruction is expanding yearly in its numbers and area.' Min. Biddle's Desp., in U. S. Gov. Doc., H. Ex. Doc., Cong. 42, Sess. 3, i. 511-12.
[XXX-13] At San Salvador, Santa Ana, and San Miguel.
[XXX-14] In 1875 there were 333 primary schools for boys, 50 for girls, 23 mixed, 29 high schools, one normal for males and one for females, one telegraphic, one lithographic, and one academy of fine arts. The appropriations for teachers in 1874 were nearly $69,000. It must be also remarked that many are teaching without compensation to benefit their country. Secondary and higher instruction are free. The primary is uniform, gratuitous, and obligatory. Laferrière, De Paris à Guatém., 202, 206, 282.