CONTENTS OF THIS VOLUME.

CHAPTER I.
ARCHÆOLOGICAL INTRODUCTION.
PAGE.
Monumental Archæology—Scope of the Volume—Treatment of the Subject—Sourcesof Information—Tangibility of Material Relics—Vaguenessof Traditional and Written Archæology—Value of MonumentalRelics, as conveying Positive Information respecting theirBuilders, as Corroborative or Corrective Witnesses, as Incentivesto Research—Counterfeit Antiquities—Egyptian, Assyrian andPersian monuments—Relics proving the Antiquity of Man—Explorationof American Ruins—Key to Central American Hieroglyphics—Nomore Unwritten History[1]
CHAPTER II.
ANTIQUITIES OF THE ISTHMUS, COSTA RICA, MOSQUITO COAST, ANDNICARAGUA.
The Isthmus—Roman Coin and Galley—Huacas of Chiriquí—IncisedStone-carvings—Sculptured Columns—Human Remains—GoldenOrnaments—Weapons—Implements—Pottery—Musical Instruments—CostaRica—Stone Hammers—Ancient Plantations—Imagesof Gold—Terra-Cottas—Axe of Quartz—Wonderful Hill—PavedRoad—Stone Frog—Mosquito Coast—Granite Vases—RemarkableReports—Animal Group—Rock-Paintings—Golden Figure—Homeof the Sukia—Nicaragua—Authorities—Mounds—Sepulchres—Excavations—Weapons—Implements—Ornaments—Statues—Idols—Pottery—Metals[15]
CHAPTER III.
ANTIQUITIES OF SALVADOR AND HONDURAS, RUINS OF COPAN.
Salvador—Opico Remains—Mounds of Jiboa—Relics of Lake Guijar—Honduras—Guanaja—Wall—StoneChairs—Roatan—Pottery—OlanchoRelics—Mounds of Agalta and Abajo—Hacienda of Labranza—Comayagua—StoneDog-idol—Terraced Mounds of Calamulla—Tumulion Rio Chiquinquare—Earthen Vases of Yarumela—FortifiedPlateau of Tenampua—Pyramids, Enclosures, andExcavations—Stone Walls—Parallel Mounds—Cliff-Carvings atAramacina—Copan—History and Bibliography—Palacio, Fuentes,Galindo, Stephens, Daly, Ellery, Hardcastle, Brasseur de Bourbourg—Planof Ruins Restored—Quarry and Cave—Outside Monuments—EnclosingWalls—The Temple—Courts—Vaults—Pyramid—Idols—Altars—MiscellaneousRelics—Human Remains—Lime—ColossalHeads—Remarkable Altars—General Remarks[68]
CHAPTER IV.
ANTIQUITIES OF GUATEMALA AND BELIZE.
The State of Guatemala—A Land of Mystery—Wonderful Reports—DiscoveriesComparatively Unimportant—Ruins of Quirigua—Historyand Bibliography—Pyramid, Altars, and Statues—Comparisonwith Copan—Pyramid of Chapulco—Relics at Chinamita—Templesof Micla—Cinaca-Mecallo—Cave of Peñol—CyclopeanDébris at Carrizal—Copper Medals at Guatemala—Esquimatha—Fortificationof Mixco—Pancacoya Columns—Cave of Santa María—MammothBones at Petapa—Rosario Aqueduct—Ruins of Patinamit,or Tecpan Guatemala—Quezaltenango, or Xelahuh—Utatlan,near Santa Cruz del Quiché—Zakuléu, near Huehuetenango—CakchiquelRuins in the Region of Rabinal—Cawinal—MarvelousRuins Reported—Stephens' Inhabited City—Antiquities of Peten—Flores—SanJosé—Casas Grandes—Tower of Yaxhaa—Tikal Palacesand Statues—Dolores—Antiquities of Belize[106]
CHAPTER V.
ANTIQUITIES OF YUCATAN.
Yucatan, the Country and the People—Abundance of Ruined Cities—AntiquarianExploration of the State—Central Group—Uxmal—Historyand Bibliography—Waldeck, Stephens, Catherwood, Norman,Friederichsthal, and Charnay—Casa del Gobernador, LasMonjas, El Adivino, Pyramid, and Gymnasium—Kabah, Nohpat,Labná, and nineteen other Ruined Cities—Eastern Group; ChichenItza and vicinity—Northern Group, Mayapan, Mérida, and Izamal—SouthernGroup; Labphak, Iturbide, and Macoba—EasternCoast; Tuloom and Cozumel—Western Coast; Maxcanú, Jaïna,and Campeche—General Features of the Yucatan Relics—Pyramidsand Stone Buildings—Limestone, Mortar, Stucco, and Wood—TheTriangular Arch—Sculpture, Painting, and Hieroglyphics—Roadsand Wells—Comparisons—Antiquity of the Monuments—Conclusions[140]
CHAPTER VI.
ANTIQUITIES OF TABASCO AND CHIAPAS, RUINS OF PALENQUE.
Geographical Limits—Physical Geography—No Relics in Tabasco—Ruinsof Palenque—Exploration and Bibliography—Name; Nachan,Culhuacan, Otolum, Xibalba—Extent, Location, and Plan—ThePalace—The Pyramidal Structure—Walls, Corridors, and Courts—StuccoBas-Reliefs—Tower—Interior Buildings—Sculptured Tablet—SubterraneanGalleries—Temple of the Three Tablets—Templeof the Beau Relief—Temple of the Cross—Statue—Temple ofthe Sun—Miscellaneous Ruins and Relics—Ruins of Ococingo—WingedGlobe—Wooden Lintel—Terraced Pyramid—MiscellaneousRuins of Chiapas—Custepeques, Xiquipilas, Laguna Mora,Copanabastla, and Zitalá—Huehuetan—San Cristóval—Remainson the Usumacinta—Comparison between Palenque and the Citiesof Yucatan—Antiquity of Palenque—Conclusion[286]
CHAPTER VII.
ANTIQUITIES OF OAJACA AND GUERRERO.
Nahua Antiquities—Home of the Zapotecs and Miztecs—Remains inTehuantepec—Fortified Hill of Guiengola—Petapa, Magdalena,and Laollaga—Bridge at Chihuitlan—Cross of Guatulco—Tutepec—Cityof Oajaca and Vicinity—Tlacolula—Etla—Peñoles—Quilapan—Ruinsof Monte Alban—Relics at Zachila—Cuilapa—Palaces ofMitla—Mosaic Work—Stone Columns—Subterranean Galleries—Pyramids—Fortifications—Comparisonwith Central AmericanRuins—Northern Monuments—Quiotepec—Cerro de las Juntas—Tuxtepec—Huahuapan—Yanguitlan—Antiquitiesof Guerrero[366]
CHAPTER VIII.
ANTIQUITIES OF VERA CRUZ.
Physical Features of the State—Exploration and Reports—Caxapaand Tuxtla—Negro Head—Relics from Island of Sacrificios—EasternSlope Remains—Medelin—Xicalanco—Rio Blanco—Amatlan—Orizava—Cempoala—PuenteNacional—Paso de Ovejas—Huatusco—Fortificationsand Pyramids of Centla—El Castillo—Fortress ofTlacotepec—Palmillas—Zacuapan—Inscription at Atliaca—ConsoquitlaFort and Tomb—Calcahualco—Ruins of Misantla or MonteReal—District of Jalancingo—Pyramid of Papantla—Mapilca—Pyramidand Fountain at Tusapan—Ruins of Metlaltoyuca—Relicsnear Pánuco—Calondras, San Nicolas, and Trinidad[425]
CHAPTER IX.
ANTIQUITIES OF THE CENTRAL PLATEAUX.
Anáhuac—Monuments of Puebla—Chila, Teopantepec, Tepexe, Tepeaca,San Antonio, Quauhquelchula, and Santa Catalina—Pyramidof Cholula—Sierra de Malinche—San Pablo—Natividad—Monumentsof Tlascala—Los Reyes—Monuments of Mexico—Cuernavaca,Xochicalco, Casasano, Ozumba, Tlachialco, Ahuehuepa, andMecamecan—Xochimilco, Tlahuac, Xico, Misquique, Tlalmanalco,and Culhuacan—Chapultepec, Remedios, Tacuba, and Malinalco—Cityof Mexico—Tezcuco—Tezcocingo—Teotihuacan—ObsidianMines—Tula—Monuments of Querétaro—Pueblito, Canoas, andRanas—Nahua Monuments[464]
CHAPTER X.
ANTIQUITIES OF THE NORTHERN MEXICAN STATES.
The Home of the Chichimecs—Michoacan—Tzintzuntzan, Lake Patzcuaro,Teremendo, Aniche, and Jiquilpan—Colima—Armería andCuyutlan—Jalisco—Tonala, Guadalajara, Chacala, Sayula, Tepatitlan,Nayarit, Tepic, Santiago Ixcuintla, and Bolaños—Guanajuato—SanGregorio and Santa Catarina—Zacatecas—La Quemada andTeul—Tamaulipas—Encarnacion, Santa Barbara, Carmelote, Topila,Tampico, and Burrita—Nuevo Leon and Texas—Coahuila—Bolsonde Mapimi, San Martero, Durango, Zape, San Agustin, andLa Breña—Sinaloa and Lower California—Cerro de las Trincherasin Sonora—Casas Grandes in Chihuahua[568]
CHAPTER XI.
ANTIQUITIES OF ARIZONA AND NEW MEXICO.
Area enclosed by the Gila, Rio Grande del Norte, and Colorado—ALand of Mystery—Wonderful Reports and Adventures of Missionaries,Soldiers, Hunters, Miners, and Pioneers—Exploration—RailroadSurveys—Classification of Remains—Monuments of the GilaValley—Boulder-Inscriptions—The Casa Grande of Arizona—EarlyAccounts and Modern Exploration—Adobe Buildings—View andPlans—Miscellaneous remains, Acequias, and Pottery—OtherRuins on the Gila—Valley of the Rio Salado—Rio Verde—PuebloCreek—Upper Gila—Tributaries of the Colorado—Rock-Inscriptions,Bill Williams' Fork—Ruined Cities of the Colorado Chiquito—RioPuerco—Lithodendron Creek—Navarro Spring—Zuñi Valley—ArchSpring—Zuñi—Ojo del Pescado—Inscription Rock—RioSan Juan—Ruins of the Chelly and Chaco Cañons—Valley of theRio Grande—Pueblo Towns, Inhabited and in Ruins—The MoquiTowns—The Seven Cities of Cíbola—Résumé, Comparisons, andConclusions[615]
CHAPTER XII.
ANTIQUITIES OF THE NORTHWEST.
General Character of North-western Remains—No Traces of Extinctor of Civilized Races—Antiquities of California—Stone Implements—NewspaperReports—Taylor's Work—Colorado Desert—Trail andRock-Inscriptions—Burial Relics of Southern California—Bones ofGiants—Mounds in the Saticoy Valley—New Almaden Mine—Pre-HistoricRelics in the Mining Shafts—Stone Implements, HumanBones, and Remains of Extinct Animal Species—Voy's Work—SanJoaquin Relics—Merced Mounds—Martinez—Shell-Moundsround San Francisco Bay, and their Contents—Relics from a SanFrancisco Mound—Antiquities of Nevada—Utah—Mounds of SaltLake Valley—Colorado—Remains at Golden City—ExtensiveRuins in Southern Colorado and Utah—Jackson's Expedition—Mancosand McElmo Cañons—Idaho and Montana—Oregon—Washington—Moundson Bute Prairie, and Yakima Earth-work—BritishColumbia—Deans' Explorations—Mounds and Earth-worksof Vancouver Island—Alaska[687]
CHAPTER XIII.
WORKS OF THE MOUND-BUILDERS.
American Monuments beyond the Limits of the Pacific States—EasternAtlantic States—Remains in the Mississippi Valley—ThreeGeographical Divisions—Classification of Monuments—Embankmentsand Ditches—Fortifications—Sacred Enclosures—Mounds—Temple-Mounds,Animal-Mounds, and Conical Mounds—Altar-Mounds,Burial Mounds, and Anomalous Mounds—Contents ofthe Mounds—Human Remains—Remains of Aboriginal Art—Implementsand Ornaments of Metal, Stone, Bone, and Shell—AncientCopper Mines—Rock-Inscriptions—Antiquity of the MississippiRemains—Comparisons—Conclusions[744]
CHAPTER XIV.
PERUVIAN ANTIQUITIES.
Two Epochs of Peruvian Civilization—Aboriginal Government, Religion,and Arts—Contrasts—The Huacas—Human Remains—Articles ofMetal—Copper Implements—Gold and Silver Vases and Ornaments—Useof Iron unknown—Aboriginal Engineering—PavedRoads—Peruvian Pottery—Ruins of Pachacamac—Mausoleum ofCuelap—Gran-Chimú—Huaca of Misa—Temple of the Sun—Remainson the Island of Titicaca—Chavin de Huanta—Huanuco elViejo—Cuzco—Monuments of Tiahuanaco—Island of Coati[791]

NATIVE RACES
of the
PACIFIC STATES
showing the location of
ANCIENT MONUMENTS

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THE NATIVE RACES
OF THE
PACIFIC STATES.