[VI-57] Morelet's Travels, pp. 97-8, cuts probably from Catherwood's drawings. Warden, in Antiq. Mex., tom. ii., p. 71.
[VI-58] Dupaix, pp. 12-13, pl. x., fig. 17.
[VI-59] Stephens, vol. ii., pp. 258-62. Elevation, section, and ground plan, with fragment of the stucco ornament. The latter copied in Brasseur, Palenqué, introd., pp. 14-15. Waldeck, Palenqué, p. viii., pl. liv. 'Dans l'intérieur de ses monuments, un caractère d'architecture assez semblable à celui des doubles galeries de Palenqué; seulement, j'ai remarqué que les combles étaient coniques et à angles saillants, comme des assises renversées.' Id., Voy. Pitt., p. 46. Shows higher degree of art than Palenque. Brasseur de Bourbourg, Hist. Nat. Civ., tom. i., p. 88.
[VI-60] Pineda, Descrip. Geog., in Soc. Mex. Geog., Boletin, tom. iii., pp. 346, 406-7.
[VI-61] Pineda, ubi sup.; Brasseur de Bourbourg, Hist. Nat. Civ., tom. i., p. 74; Domenech's Deserts, vol. i., p. 21.
[VI-62] Brasseur de Bourbourg, Hist. Nat. Civ., tom. iv., p. 633, tom. i., p. 75; Wappäus, Mex. Guat., p. 147; Mühlenpfordt, Mejico, tom. ii., p. 20; Dupaix, 3d Exped., p. 8, pl. vii.
[VI-63] Brasseur de Bourbourg, Hist. Nat. Civ., tom. i., p. 96; Id., Palenqué, p. 33; Hermosa, Manual Geog., pp. 88-9; Galindo, in Lond. Geog. Soc., Jour., vol. iii., p. 60; Id., in Antiq. Mex., tom. i., div. ii., p. 68; Nouvelles Annales des Voy., 1857, tom. clv., pp. 221-2.
[VI-64] Galindo, in Amer. Antiq. Soc., Transact., vol. ii., p. 549. The stones that cover the arches in the Palace corridors, are three feet long; those of the court stairways are one and a half feet high and wide. Oxide of iron is mixed with the mortar. 'No es decible la excelencia de este yeso que yo llamo estuco natural, pues no se indaga visiblemente en su composicion ó masa, arena ó mármol molido. A mas de su dureza y finura tiene un blanco hermoso.' Quarries were seen one and a half leagues west of ruins. Dupaix, pp. 15-17, 20. Red, blue, yellow, black, and white, the colors used. Stephens, vol. ii., p. 311.
[VI-65] Brasseur de Bourbourg, Hist. Nat. Civ., tom. i., p. 87, following Castañeda, speaks of regular semi-circular arches at Palenque, and states that he has himself seen several such arches in other American ruins. It is very certain that no such arches exist at Palenque. Indeed, Dupaix himself, notwithstanding Castañeda's drawings, says, p. 17, that semi-circular arches were not used, and Lenoir, Antiq. Mex., tom. i., div. ii., p. 74, repeats the statement; although the latter on the same page speaks of the 'voûtes cintrées' as appearing among the ruins. Brasseur's statement about arches in other ruins would be more satisfactory if he had seen fit to give further particulars. 'This original mode of construction, which discloses the principle of the arch, was not wanting in grandeur or boldness of design, although the architects did not understand the science of curves, and stopped short, so to speak, on the verge of the discovery.' Morelet's Travels, p. 88; Id., Voyage, tom. i., pp. 265-6.
[VI-66] Hieroglyphics at Palenque are the same as those at Copan and Quirigua, although the intermediate country is now occupied by races of many different languages. Stephens, vol. ii., p. 343; but, as Brasseur says, Palenqué, introd., p. 22, 'Toutes les langues qui se parlent dans les régions existant entre Copan et Palenqué ont la même origine; ... à l'aide du maya et du quiché, je crois qu'on les entendrait toutes, avec quelque travail.' Id., Hist. Nat. Civ., tom. i., p. 89; Jones' Hist. Anc. Amer., p. 102. See also this work, vol. ii., chap, xxiv., vol. iii., Languages, chap. xi.