[XII-52] U. S. Ex. Ex., vol. iv., pp. 334, 441-2; Foster's Pre-Hist. Races, pp. 151-2; Portland Herald, Sept. 27, 1872; San Francisco Morning Call, Sept. 28, 1872.
[XII-53] Stevens, in Ind. Aff. Rept., 1854, pp. 232-3; Id., in Schoolcraft's Arch., vol. vi., pp. 612-13; Gibbs, in Pac. R. R. Rept., vol. i., pp. 408-9; Taylor, in Cal. Farmer, May 8, 1863.
[XII-54] Buschmann, Spr. N. Mex. u. der Westseite des b. Nordamer., p. 333; Sutil y Mexicana, Viage, p. 73.
[XII-55] 'In such localities, the general feature of the landscape is very similar to many parts of Devonshire, more especially to that on the eastern escarpment of Dartmoor, and the resemblance is rendered the more striking by the numerous stone circles, which lie scattered around.... These stone circles point to a period in ethnological history, which has no longer a place in the memory of man. Scattered in irregular groups of from three or four, to fifty or more, these stone circles are found, crowning the rounded promontories over all the South Eastern end of the Island. Their dimensions vary in diameter from three to eighteen feet; of some, only a simple ring of stones marking the outline now remains. In other instances the circle is not only complete in outline, but is filled in, built up as it were, to a height of three to four feet, with masses of rock and loose stones, collected from amongst the numerous erratic boulders, which cover the surface of the country, and from the gravel of the boulder drift which fills up many of the hollows. These structures are of considerable antiquity, and whatever they may have been intended for, have been long disused, for, through the centre of many, the pine, the oak, and the arbutus have shot up and attained considerable dimensions—a full growth. The Indians when questioned, can give no further account of the matter, than that, "it belonged to the old people," and an examination, by taking some of the largest circles to pieces, and digging beneath, throws no light on the subject. The only explanation to be found, is in the hypothesis, that these were the dwellings of former tribes, who have either entirely disappeared, or whose descendants have changed their mode of living, and this supposition is strengthened by the fact that a certain tribe on the Fraser River, did, till very recently live, in circular beehive shaped houses, built of loose stones, having an aperture in the arched roof for entrance and exit, and that in some localities in upper California the same remains are found, and the same origin assigned to them.' Forbes' Vanc. Isl., p. 3.
[XII-56] Cook's Voy. to Pac., vol. ii., p. 521; Neue Nachrichten, p. 33.
[XIII-1] The chief authorities consulted for this chapter on the remains of the Mississippi Valley, are the following:
Squier and Davis, Ancient Monuments of the Mississippi Valley. Washington, 1848. Squier's Antiquities of the State of New York. Id., Observations on Aboriginal Monuments of the Mississippi Valley. New York, 1847. Id., Serpent Symbol.
Atwater's Antiquities of Ohio, and other accounts in the Amer. Antiq. Soc., Transactions.
Schoolcraft's Archives of Aboriginal Knowledge.
Warden, Recherches sur les Antiquités de l'Amérique du Nord.