CONTENTS

PAGE
STROMNESS AND ITS ASTEROLEPIS.—THE LAKE OF STENNIS[21]
THE DEVELOPMENT HYPOTHESIS, AND ITS CONSEQUENCES[37]
THE RECENT HISTORY OF THE ASTEROLEPIS.—ITS FAMILY[48]
CEREBRAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE EARLIER VERTEBRATA.—ITS APPARENT PRINCIPLE[62]
THE ASTEROLEPIS.—ITS STRUCTURE, BULK, AND ASPECT[94]
FISHES OF THE SILURIAN ROCKS, UPPER AND LOWER.—THEIR RECENT HISTORY, ORDER, AND SIZE[130]
HIGH STANDING OF THE PLACOIDS.—OBJECTIONS CONSIDERED[147]
THE PLACOID BRAIN.—EMBRYONIC CHARACTERISTICS NOT NECESSARILY OF A LOW ORDER[160]
THE PROGRESS OF DEGRADATION.—ITS HISTORY[181]
EVIDENCE OF THE SILURIAN MOLLUSCS.—OF THE FOSSIL FLORA.—ANCIENT TREE[205]
SUPERPOSITION NOT PARENTAL RELATION.—THE BEGINNINGS OF LIFE[230]
LAMARCKIAN HYPOTHESIS OF THE ORIGIN OF PLANTS.—ITS CONSEQUENCES[243]
THE TWO FLORAS, MARINE AND TERRESTRIAL.—BEARING OF THE EXPERIENCE ARGUMENT[262]
THE DEVELOPMENT HYPOTHESIS IN ITS EMBRYONIC STATE.—OLDER THAN ITS ALLEGED FOUNDATIONS[277]
FINAL CAUSES—THEIR BEARING ON GEOLOGIC HISTORY—CONCLUSION[303]

LIST OF WOOD-CUTS

PAGE
1.Internal ridge of hyoid plate of Asterolepis[31]
2.Shagreen of Raja clavata:—of Sphagodus[54]
3.Scales of Acanthodes sulcatus:—shagreen of Scyllium stellare[55]
4.Scales of Cheiracanthus microlepidotus:—shagreen of Spinax Acanthias[56]
5.Section of shagreen of Scyllium stellare:—of scales of Cheiracanthus microlepidotus[56]
6.Scales of Osteolepis microlepidotus:—of an undescribed species of Glyptolepis[57]
7.Osseous points Of Placoid Cranium[65]
8.Osseous centrum of Spinax Acanthias:—of Raja clavata[67]
9.Portions of caudal fin of Cheiracanthus:—of Cheirolepis[69]
10.Upper surface of cranium of Cod[72]
11.Cranial buckler of Coccosteus[74]
12.Cranial buckler of Osteolepis[75]
13.Upper surface of head of Osteolepis[77]
14.Under surface of head of Osteolepis[79]
15.Head of Osteolepis, seen in profile[80]
16.Cranial buckler of Diplopterus[81]
17.Ditto[82]
18.Palatal dart-head, and group of palatal teeth, of Dipterus[83]
19.Cranial buckler of Dipterus[85]
20.Base of cranium of Dipterus[86]
21.Under jaw of Dipterus[87]
22.Longitudinal section of head of Dipterus[88]
23.Section of vertebral centrum of Thornback[92]
24.Dermal tubercles of Asterolepis[95]
25.Scales of Asterolepis[96]
26.Portion of carved surface of scale[96]
27.Cranial buckler of Asterolepis[98]
28.Inner surface of cranial buckler of Asterolepis[99]
29.Plates of cranial buckler of Asterolepis[102]
30.Portion of under jaw of Asterolepis[103]
31.Inner side of portion of under jaw of Asterolepis[104]
32.Portion of transverse section of reptile tooth of Asterolepis[105]
33.Section of jaw of Asterolepis[106]
34.Maxillary bone?[108]
35.Inner surface of operculum of Asterolepis[109]
36.Hyoid plate[110]
37.Nail-like bone of hyoid plate[111]
38.Shoulder plate of Asterolepis[112]
39.Dermal bones of Asterolepis[113]
40.Internal bones of Asterolepis[114]
41.Ditto[115]
42.Ischium of Asterolepis[116]
43.Joint of ray of Thornback:—of Asterolepis[117]
44.Coprolites of Asterolepis[118]
45.Hyoid plate of Thurso Asterolepis[124]
46.Hyoid plate of Russian Asterolepis[127]
47.Spine of Spinax Acanthias:—fragment of Onondago spine[143]
48.Tail of Spinax Acanthius:—of Ichthyosaurus tenuirostris[172]
49.Port Jackson Shark (Cestracion Phillippi)[177]
50.Tail of Osteolepis[195]
51.Tail of Lepidosteus osseus[196]
52.Tail of Perch[197]
53.Altingia excelsa (Norfolk-Island Pine)[212]
54.Fucoids of the Lower Old Red Sandstone[216]
55.Two species of Old Red Fucoids[217]
56.Fern (?) of the Lower Old Red Sandstone[219]
57.Lignite of the Lower Old Red Sandstone[221]
58.Internal structure of lignite of Lower Old Red Sandstone[223]

STROMNESS AND ITS ASTEROLEPIS.
THE LAKE OF STENNIS.

When engaged in prosecuting the self-imposed task of examining in detail the various fossiliferous deposits of Scotland, in the hope of ultimately acquainting myself with them all, I extended my exploratory ramble, about two years ago, into the Mainland of Orkney, and resided for some time in the vicinity of Stromness.