Species and Varieties, Their Origin by Mutation

by Hugo de Vries

D

Dahlia, 131, 241, 272, 625
cactus, 625
"Jules Chretien," 628
purple-leaved, 626
"surprise," 230
tubular, 627
[sic] 274, 490, 764
first double ones, 490
green, 227, 229, 230
Daisies, 131, 132, 494
double, 195
hen-and-chicken, 514
ox-eye, 202
Shasta, 769
yellow, 202
Dandelion, 411
parthenogenesis, 61
variations in, 60
Daphne Mezereum, 146
Darwin, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 18, 76, 85, 93, 109,
110, 180, 196, 205, 206, 242, 306, 324, 338,
448, 571, 604, 612, 689, 702, 710, 715, 743,
798, 825
Darwin, George, 711
Darwinian theory, 461
basis of, 5
Date, 134
Datura Stramonium, 139, 142
Stramonium inermis, 300
Tatula, 139, 142, 300
Dead-nettle, 237
De Bary, 38, 47, 49
De Candolle, 76, 84, 85, 89, 228, 370, 403, 621
Alphonse, 74, 129, 226
A.P., 129
Casimir, 659, 676
De Graaff, 275
Delphinium Ajacis, 192
Deniau, 617
Descent, theory of, 690, 694, 702, 707, 716, 798
De Serres, Olivier, 72
Desmodium gyrans, 655, 656, 663, 664, 65
Dewberry, California, 269
Dianthus barbatus, 322, 648
twisted variety, 408
Diatoms, 699
Dictoyledons
ancestors of monocotyledons, 15
Digitalis parviflora, 161, 640
purpurea, 483
pelorism of, 482
Dimorphism, 445, 447, 454, 457, 458
Dippe, 810
Dipsacus fullonum, 402
sylvestris, 402, 402
Dominant character, 280
Double flowers
poppies 490
production of, 489
types of, 330
Double races (see also ever-sporting varieties),
419, 427, 428
Dubois, Eugene, 712
Duchesne, 185, 188, 596
Duckweed, 222
Draba, 692, 693
verna, 47, 50, 51, 53, 125, 126, 518, 533,
546, 547, 561
Dracocephalum moldavicum, 419
Dragon-head, 419
Drosera anglica, 268
filiformis, 268
intermedia, 268
obovata, 267
rotundifolia, 268

E

Earth, age of, 710
Edelweiss, 438
Eichler, 660
Election, 801
Electric light, growth in, 442
Elementary species, 11, 13, 32, 67, 74, 76, 77,
78, 79, 91, 95, 116, 119, 124, 126, 128, 129,
207, 238, 252, 256, 307, 430, 435, 695, 696,
698, 702, 715, 787, 798, 800, 825
apples, 75
coconut, 82
corn, 81
cultivated plants, 62
definition of, 12, 35, 127
flax, 80
how produced, 16, 248
hybrids of, 253, 255
mutation of, 141
origin of, 459, 603
origin of, how studied, 463
selection of, 92
varieties vs., 14, 15, 141, 152, 224, 243,
247, 251, 495
Elm, 136, 219, 239, 427
Epilobium, 268
hirsutum, 683
hirsutum cruciatum, 588
montanum, 269
tetragonum, 269
Equisetum Telmateja, 642, 649
Erica Tetralix, 577, 661
Ericaceae, 146, 660
Erigeron Asteroides, 450
canadensis, 132, 236, 453, 600, 695
Erodium, 146
cicutarium album, 161
Erucastrum, 630, 638, 639
pollichii, 222, 637
Eryngium campestre, 674
maritimum, 674
Erysimum cheiranthoides, 638
Erythraea pulchella, 452
Erythrina, 621
Crista-galli, 620
Eschcholtzias, 59
Esimpler, 337
Eucalyptus citriodora, 669
Globulus, 217
Euphorbia Ipecacuanha, 55
Evening-primrose, 62, 204, 256, 424, 686, 687,
688, 690, 691, 694, 695, 699, 702, 703,
705, 707, 708, 713, 747, 793
Evolution, 93, 685, 686, 689, 704, 707, 709,
710, 713, 718
degressive, 222, 223, 249
progression in, 630
progressive, 221, 222, 223, 248
regression in, 630
regressive, 221, 222; 223, 24
retrograde, 221, 631
Extremes, asexual multiplication of, 742, 769

F

Fabre, 265
Fagus, 133
Fagus sylvatica pectinata, 179
Fan, genealogical, 700
Fasciated stems, 409, 412
Ferns, 63
cristate, 427
plumose, 427
Ficaria, 53
Ficus radicans, 436
religiosus, 244
repens, 436
stipulata, 436
ulmifolia, 436
Figs, 436
Filago, 52
Fir, 134, 804
Fittest, survival of, 826
Flax, 80, 805
springing, 80
threshing, 80
white-flowered, 158, 160
Fleabane, Canada, 132, 236
Flowers, gamopetalous, 660
Fluctuability
embryonic, see Fluctuation, individual
Fluctuation, 708, 715, 716, 718, 719, 724, 737, 741
curves of, 729, 794
defined, 191
individual, 718, 723, 732, 741, 745, 749, 788
mutation vs. 7, 16, 719
partial, 718, 723, 732, 741, 745, 748, 749,
771
inadequate for evolution, in elementary species,
19
nature of, 18
specific and varietal characters vs. 17
Forget-me-not, 368
Fothergill, John, 521
Foxglove, 163
peloric, 164, 356, 367
yellow, 161, 640
Fraxinus excelsior monophylla, 667
exheterophylla, 667
simplici folio, 667
French flora (Grenier and Godron), 433
Fries
on Hieracium, 60
Frostweed, 440
species of, 52
Fuchsia, 272, 355
Fuchsias, 491

G

Gaertner, 279
Galeopsis Ladanum canescens, 139
Galium, 648
Aparine, 409, 648
elatum, 52
erectum, 52
Mollugo, 62
verum, 648
Gallesio, 138
Galton, 736, 776
Gamopetaly, 662
Garden-pansy, origin of, 38
Garlic, 638
Gauchery, 452
Geikie, 711
Genera
artificial character of, 36
polymorphous, 692
Gentiana punctata concolor, 125
Gentians, 577
Georgics (Vergil), 106
Geranium pratense, 323, 628
album, 628
pyreniacum, 599
German flora (Koth), 432
Geum, 282
Gherkins, 118
Gideon, Peter M., 78
Glacial period, 696
Gladiolus, 241, 272, 274, 368, 765
cardinalis, 275
gandavensis, 275
psittacinus, 275
purpureo-auratus, 275
Glaucium, 241
Gleditschia sinensis, 614
triacanthos pendula, 617
Gloxinia, 282, 485
erect, 626
Gloxinia erecta, 485
peloric variety, 485
Gnaphalium Leontopodium, 438
Godetia amoena, 161
Godetias, 59, 232
Godron, 265, 432
Goeppert, 370
Gooseberry, 79, 140, 626
red, 133, 165, 241
Grapes, 90, 158, 328
Grape-hyacinth, plumosa, 134
Grasses, 102, 631, 681
Grenier, 433
Groundsel, 132
Growth, nutrition and, 714, 720, 722
Guelder-rose, 134, 239
Gum-tree, Australian, 217
Gypsophila paniculata
twisted variety, 409

H

Haeckel, 707
Half-races, 358, 372, 409, 419, 424, 427, 428
Hall, 444
Hallet, F.F., 109
Harebell, 232
peach-leaved, 234
Harris, Arthur, 825
Harshberger, John W., 591
on Euphorbia in New Jersey, 55
Hawksbeard, 410, 411, 412
Hawkweed, 411, 439, 443, 819
Hawkweeds
seeding without fertilization, 61
Hawthorn, white, 132
Hays, W.M.
on individual selection, 20, 94, 95, 117,
821, 823, 824
Hazelnut, 133, 181, 242
Hazels, cut-leaved, 596,-616
Heath family, 146, 222, 660
Heaths, origin of, 662
Heather, 577
Hedera Helix arborea, 437
Hedgehog burweed, 140
Hedys-Arum, 664
Heeger, 582
Heer, Oswald, 74, 105
Heinricher, 172, 173, 174
Helianthemum, 53, 125, 126, 561
apenninum, 52
pilosum, 52
polifolium, 52
pulverulentum, 52
vulgare, 440
Helichrysum, 420
Helwingia, 678, 678, 682
rusciflora, 675
Hemp, 419
Henbane, 282
Hepatica, 322, 490
Heredity, 731, 734, 818
bearers of, 632
in teasels, 642
Hesperis, 241, 322
matronalis, 323, 411
Heylandia latebrosa, 450
Hibiscus Moscheutos, 591
Hieracium, 59, 439
alpinum, 696
Hildebrand, 160, 240, 241
Hoffman, 160, 662
Hofmeister, 160, 370, 480
Holbein, 164, 596
Holly, 140, 196
Holtermann, 449, 451
Hollyhock, 427
Honeysuckle, 674
ground, 443
Hordeum distichum, 677
hexastichum, 677, 678
tetrastichum, 677
trifurcatum, 676, 678
vulgare trifurcatum, 203
Hornbeam, European, 180
Horse-chestnut, 219
thornless, 234
Horsetail, Canadian, 695
European, 649
Horsetail, family, 641
Horse-weed, 132
Canadian, 452
Hortensia, 134, 181
Horticulture, mutations in, 604
Houseleek, 370, 371
Hunneman, John, 521
Hyacinths, 178, 322
white, 160
Hybrids, 58, 201, 202, 206, 250, 575
between elementary species, 253
constant, 263, 264, 265, 266, 267, 268, 269
law of varietal, 716
Mendelian, 324
nature of, 20
species, 256, 260
splitting of, 210
varietal, 208, 209, 247, 277, 278, 279, 281,
285, 293, 294
Hybridization, 706, 751, 752, 758, 759, 764
Hydrocotyle, 668
Hyoscyamus niger, 282
pallidus, 283
Hypericum perforatum, 725
Hyssopus officinalis, 161