Species and Varieties, Their Origin by Mutation

by Hugo de Vries

S

Sprenger, 610, 611
Stability, 155
Stahl, 611
Stellaria Holostea apetala, 585
Stocks, 146, 322, 328, 329, 332, 334, 336, 338,
432
Stock
"Brompton," 329
chamois-colored, 198
"Queen," 324
white, 160
Stork's-bill, white hemlock, 161
Strasburger, 196, 448
Strawberry, 158, 266, 342
"Gaillon," 135
"Giant of Zuidwijk," 614
one-leaved, 164, 596, 666
white, 158, 165
Striped flowers, 309, 374, 431, 606, 607
races, types of, 328
Struggle for life, 674, 571, 682, 702, 799, 803,
824, 825
St. Johnswort, 725
St. Sebastian, 164
Sub-species (see also Elementary species), 224, 225
Sugar-beets (see Beets, sugar)
Sugar-cane, 731, 752
"Black Manilla," 753
"Cheribon," 753, 755, 756
"Chunnic," 753
"Hawaii," 755, 756
seeds of, 754
"White Manilla," 752
Sundew, 268
Sunflower, 410, 425, 820
Sweet-flag, 222
Sweet-pea, 160, 776
Sweet William, 163, 282, 322, 648
twisted variety, 408, 648
Syncotyls, 417, 424
Syringa vulgaris axurea plena, 763
Systematic species, 12, 64, 101, 128
nature of, 54, 62
Systematic units, 61, 91

T

Tagetes africana, 510
signata, 612
"Talavera de Bellevue," 97
Tanacetum vulgare, 131, 132, 236
Tansy, 131, 132, 236
Taraxacum, 125, 126
officinale, 59, 411
Tares, 105
Taxus, 136
baccata, 169
baccata fastigiata, 170, 618
minor, 169
Teasels, 402, 642, 645, 674, 675
twisted, 405, 412, 446, 447, 643, 646, 647,
648, 819
Tetragonia expansa, 162
Theatre d'Agriculture, 72
Thibault, 618
Thomson, Sir William (see Kelvin, Lord)
Thorn-apples, 139, 142, 143, 145, 238, 283, 300,
452
thornless, 234
Thorn-broom, 457
Thrincia hirta, 411
Thuret, 38, 47, 49
Thyme, white creeping, 201
Thymus Serphyllum album, 201
vulgaris, 577
Tilia parvifolia, 355, 669
Toad-flax, 267, 282, 707
cross pollination of, 471
experiment with, described, 468
invisible dimorphous state of, 470, 471, 478
latent tendency to mutation in, 479
peloric, see Peloric toad flax
sterility of mutants, 477
unusual pelorism, 486
Tomato, 653
"Acme," 656, 657
"Mikado," 654
mutation of, 655
upright, 654
"Washington," 657
Tournefort
author of genera, 32
Tracy, W.W. 592
Trees, genealogic, 707, 708
Tricotyls, 416, 4 19, 420
Trifolium incarnatum, 352
Triticum dicoccum, 105
Tropaeolum, 193, 668
majus, pelorism of, 485
"True Exercises with Plants" (hunting), 490
Tulips, 149, 178, 274, 322
black, 620
Turnip, 244, 621
Twisted stems, 402, 403, 405, 413
Twisted varieties
atavists of, 406

U

Ulex europaeus, 140, 217
Ulmus pedunculata, 615
pedunculata urticaefolia, 615
Umbellifers, 457
Umbilicus, 669
Unger, 105
Unit-characters, 249, 261, 306, 307, 313, 658,
689, 715, 716
Urban, 265
Uropedium lindenii, 487
Utility, 685, 724
Utricularia, 672

V

Vaccinium Myrtillus, 577
Valerian, 402, 409, 648
twisted, 403
Valeriana officinalis, 402
Vallisneria, 684.
Van den Berg, 625
Van de Water, 614
Van Mons, 76, 77, 78, 806
Variability (see also Fluctuation ), 188, 190, 191
analogous, 244
apple, 75
asexual, 320
correlative, 142, 143, 148, 167
cultivated plants, 66
embryonic, 770, 771, 814
ever-recurring, 190
fluctuating (see also individual), 62, 142,
190, 233, 375, 416, 454, 698, 759, 762, 765,
766, 767, 770, 771, 789, 805, 814
fluctuating vs. mutability 569
homologous, 244
individual (see also fluctuating), 190, 716,
718, 746, 749, 770, 814
influence of mutation on, 335
kinds of, 715
nutrition and, 390, 391, 719, 771
parallel, 243
partial, 440, 444, 718, 746, 748, 753, 814,
816
repeated, 242
restricted, 598
sectional, 317
sexual, 320
sources of, 758
Variation
bud, 176, 178, 180, 284, 317, 318, 321, 338,
427, 750
definition of, 188
partial, 788, 789
seed, 750
spontaneous, 191
use of term, 189
Variegation, 426, 427
Varietal marks, origin of, 275
Varieties, 84, 95, 126, 127, 128, 129, 132, 142
broom-like, 618, 624
constancy of, 532
constant, 135
crosses of species with, 247, 277, 278, 281
elementary species vs. 459
ever-sporting, 178, 309, 310, 311, 312, 313,
321, 324, 328, 329, 332, 333, 334, 350, 358,
365, 368, 372, 399, 413, 420, 430, 431, 432,
434, 445, 606, 607, 628, 740, 789, 790, 795
fasciated (see Fasciated stems).
groups of, 606
horticultural, 607, 609
hybrid, 122, 190, 608
hybrids of, 210, 254, 255
inconstant, 135, 154; 155, 161
mutation of, 141
negative (retrogressive), 131, 132, 134, 224,
226, 238, 245, 277
positive, 131, 132, 134, 224, 238, 245
pure, 122, 190
retrograde, 14, 15, 16, 95, 121, 208, 430,
435, 606, 607
retrogressive (see negative).
seed, 122
single, 191
spontaneous crosses, 209
sporting (see inconstant)
stability of, 207
sterile, 622
types of, 142
variable, 606
vegetative, 122
weeping, 617
Variety, 130
definition of, 11, 12
elementary species vs. 141, 152, 154, 224,
243, 247, 251
origin of, 141, 152, 224
use of term, 189, 435
Variety-testing, 95, 97, 116, 119, 743, 799, 825
Varro, 106
Veitch & Sons, 272
Venus' looking-glass, 367
Verlot, 186, 612
Vernon, 132
Vernonia cinerea, 450
Veronica longifolia, 282, 284
scutellata, 139
spicata nitens, 126
Viburnum Opulus, 134, 239
Vicinism, 185, 188, 203, 205, 206, 213, 214, 776
definition of, 188, 192, 606
Vicinist, 199, 201
Vicoa aurioulata, 450
Victoria regia, 668
Villars
on Draba verna, 49
Vilmorin, 570, 607, 612, 622, 661, 662, 773, 775,
776; 792, 795, 796, 797, 806, 807, 810, 813,
818, 820
Vilmorin, Louis de, 72, 92, 93, 97, 108, 109, 110,
114, 185, 818
Vilmorin, Messrs., 322
Vinca, 242, 490
minor, 322
Vine, parsley-leaved, 179
Viola, 126, 546, 547, 692
agrestis, 45
alpestris, 40
altaica, 39
anopetala, 44
arvensis, 39, 40, 41, 44
curtisepala, 45
striolata, 45
aurobadia, 44
caloarata, 39
cornuta, 39, 281
lutea, 38
lutescens, 44
nemausensis, 45
ornatissima, 44
palescens, 45
patens, 45
roseola, 44
segetatis, 45
stenochila, 41
tricolor, 38, 40, 41, 44, 46
ammotropha, 41
coniophila, 41
genuina, 42
versicolor, 42
Violets, 63, 232, 233, 490
Violet, dame's, 322, 323, 411
long-spurred, 281
Virgil, 105, 106, 108
Viscaria oculata, 4, 648, 821
twisted variety, 408
Vitis, 52
Volckamer, 228
Von Lochow, 821, 822, 822
Von Rumker, 94
Von Wettstein, 448, 805
Vrolik, 164, 483

W

"Waare Oeffeninge der Planten" (Munting), 490
Wallace, 5, 7, 8, 30, 205
Wall-flower, 370, 371
Walnut, 243, 766
cut-leaved, 616
one-bladed, 666
Water-lilies, 668
Weber, 228
Weeping-willow, 180
crisped, 181
Weigelias, 740
Wellingtonia, 618
Wheat, 96, 98, 105, 113, 119, 283, 810, 823
bearded, 98
"Blue-stem," 117
"Galland," 100, 207
"Hopetown," 112, 112
"Hunter's," 111, 112
"Minnesota No. 169," 117
"Mungoswell's," 110, 111
"Pedigree," 109
"Pringle's," 114
"Rivett's bearded," 207
"Sheriff's bearded red," 114
"Sheriff's bearded white," 114
"White Hunter's," 112
Wheat-ear carnation, 227
White, C.A., 656, 657
White varieties, 577
Whitlow-grasses, 63, 118, 119
Whorls, ternate, 684
Wild sage (see Salvia)
Willdenow, 468, 666, 667
Williamson, 491
Willows, 135, 267
Willow
weeping (see Weeping-Willow)
Willow-herb, 268, 269, 682
Wintercress, 427
Wintergreen, 661
Wittmack, 682
Wittrock, 38, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46
Wooton, E.O., 140
Wormseed, 638