ILLUSTRATIONS
Plates
| Plate | [XLVI.] | fig. 1. | Ojibwe garden. |
| fig. 2. | Ojibwe wigwam. | ||
| [XLVII.] | fig. 1. | Ojibwe dream dance. | |
| fig. 2. | Jerking deer meat. | ||
| [XLVIII.] | fig. 1. | Bead work. | |
| fig. 2. | Lac du Flambeau. | ||
| [XLIX.] | fig. 1. | Birch bark baskets. | |
| fig. 2. | Cradle board. | ||
| [L.] | fig. 1. | Pounding ash splints. | |
| fig. 2. | Making baskets. | ||
| [LI.] | fig. 1. | Rushes for weaving. | |
| fig. 2. | Ojibwe grave houses. | ||
| [LII.] | fig. 1. | Peeling birch log. | |
| fig. 2. | Birch bark roll. | ||
| [LIII.] | fig. 1. | Splitting cedar log. | |
| fig. 2. | Making canoe ribs. | ||
| [LIV.] | fig. 1. | Shaping canoe nose. | |
| fig. 2. | Canoe form. | ||
| [LV.] | fig. 1. | Jack Pine roots. | |
| fig. 2. | Coiled roots. | ||
| [LVI.] | fig. 1. | Boiling pitch. | |
| fig. 2. | Sewing canoe. | ||
| [LVII.] | fig. 1. | Pitching seams. | |
| fig. 2. | Launching canoe. | ||
| [LVIII.] | fig. 1. | Ojibwe garden. | |
| fig. 2. | Bark wigwam. | ||
| [LIX.] | fig. 1. | Piawantaginum. | |
| fig. 2. | White Cloud. | ||
| [LX.] | fig. 1. | Bear Island. | |
| fig. 2. | Tamarack branch. | ||
| [LXI.] | fig. 1. | Ground Pine. | |
| fig. 2. | Giant Puffball. | ||
| [LXII.] | fig. 1. | Balsam Fir. | |
| fig. 2. | White Spruce. | ||
| [LXIII.] | fig. 1. | White Pine. | |
| fig. 2. | Norway Pine. | ||
| [LXIV.] | fig. 1. | Bur Oak. | |
| fig. 2. | Red Oak. | ||
| [LXV.] | fig. 1. | Red Maple. | |
| fig. 2. | Mountain Holly. | ||
| [LXVI.] | fig. 1. | Sphagnum Moss. | |
| fig. 2. | Virginia Grape Fern. | ||
| [LXVII.] | fig. 1. | Pitcher-plant. | |
| fig. 2. | Cranberries. | ||
| [LXVIII.] | fig. 1. | Poison Ivy. | |
| fig. 2. | Box Elder. | ||
| [LXIX.] | fig. 1. | Balsam Apple. | |
| fig. 2. | Great Willow-herb. | ||
| [LXX.] | fig. 1. | Wild Currant. | |
| fig. 2. | River-bank Grape. | ||
| [LXXI.] | fig. 1. | Canada Mayflower. | |
| fig. 2. | Spikenard. | ||
| [LXXII.] | fig. 1. | Twisted Stalk. | |
| fig. 2. | Solomon’s Seal. | ||
| [LXXIII.] | fig. 1. | Meadow Rue. | |
| fig. 2. | Carrion-flower. | ||
| [LXXIV.] | fig. 1. | Wild Columbine. | |
| fig. 2. | Canada Anemone. | ||
| [LXXV.] | fig. 1. | Goldthread. | |
| fig. 2. | Wintergreen. | ||
| [LXXVI.] | fig. 1. | Red Baneberry. | |
| fig. 2. | Labrador Tea. | ||
| [LXXVII.] | fig. 1. | Agrimony. | |
| fig. 2. | Hawthorn. |
FOREWORD
This bulletin is the third in a series of six, recounting the field work done among Wisconsin Indians to discover their present uses of native or introduced plants and, insofar as is possible, the history of these plant uses by their ancestors. As far back as 1888 Hoffman[85] reported that the medicinal lore of the Ojibwe would soon be gone. But thirty-two years later, it is still partially recalled and practised among the more primitive bands of these people. How long it will persist is problematical. The Ojibwe are the most numerous of any of our tribes and as long as they live in the northern forest and lake district of Wisconsin, so long will the older Indians continue to explain the natural history of their environment to the young men and women of the tribe.
The writer deplores the brevity of the time that could be devoted to each tribe, and applauds the similar study reported by Miss Frances Densmore[86] in her fifteen years of research among the Ojibwe. Necessarily the most valuable information comes from the oldest Indians, and many informants have died since this study was made.
Three trips were made, usually of six weeks duration. The first was made in June, 1923 to the Lac du Flambeau Reservation, in Vilas County, Wisconsin. The same region was visited again later in the fall. During the spring of 1924 one trip was made to Leech Lake, Minnesota, where the remnant of the Pillager Band of the Ojibwe live on Bear Island, ([Plate 60], fig. 1), and the surrounding mainland. Since then, trips have been made to Redcliff, Bayfield County, to Odanah, Iron County, to Lac Court Oreilles, Clark County, and to scattered bands in various sections of northern Wisconsin. The principal work was done at Lac du Flambeau and Leech Lake. The Leech Lake trip checked results obtained at Lac du Flambeau.
The writer thanks those officials and private citizens who assisted by introductions to Indians and by making his stay among them comfortable. Mr. James W. Balmer, Indian Agent, then at Lac du Flambeau, now at Pipestone, Minnesota, and his chief clerk, Mr. Walter H. Shawnee, a Shawnee Indian, still in service at Lac du Flambeau, and Mr. John Allen, Ojibwe Indian and school disciplinarian all gave valued advice and quartered us at their Teacher’s Club. Mr. Edward Rogers, of Walker, Minnesota, a very successful Ojibwe attorney, and the Noble brothers, Mr. John W. Noble and Mr. E. W. (“Van”) Noble, proprietor of Forest View Lodge, directly across from Bear Island, rendered valuable assistance with the Pillager band of Ojibwe.