While at work, always think of the continent as being lighted from one direction, so as to show strong lights and shadows (utilize the blackboard for shadows), this helps to show altitudes; bear in mind, however, that these depend mainly upon direction of line corresponding to direction of surface.
It is to be remembered also, that knowing the geological structure prevents one from drawing level lands first, and from afterward delineating mountains as being piled upon them. Mountains should be drawn where they belong and valleys where they belong, with no contradictory lines underneath to confuse the meaning.
With few exceptions, mountains are the crowning points or peaks of slopes—their meeting place. They may be the corrugated points of mountain ranges or of worn down plateaus.
From whatever part of the continent the work is commenced, let it be carried out in every direction until the limit of land is reached, and then stop. Remember that there is no line between land and water, either at sea-shore or at lake-shore. The rivers may be drawn with charcoal, accentuating the lower part of the river near its mouth.
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Let me say to the beginner—do not let any crude results disturb or discourage you. You can chalk model with an adequate amount of skill if you will. It simply means a close study of nature, a clear knowledge of geographical structure, and persistent effort.