Chronological Summary, 476–1494

Eastern Europe and Asia Minor.France and Spain.
475–491Emperor Zeno.
481–511Clovis, King of the Franks.
486Battle of Soissons.
491–518Emperor Anastasius.
518–527Emperor Justin I.
527–565Emperor Justinian.
565–578Emperor Justin II.
585Visigothic Conquest of Spain complete.
610–641Emperor Heraclius.
622The ‘Hijrah’.
626Siege of Constantinople by Chosroes.
627Battle of Nineveh.
634Battle of Yermuk.
628–638Dagobert I.
637Jerusalem taken by the Moslems.
642–668Emperor Constans II.
668–685Emperor Constantine IV (Pogonatus).
685–695}Justinian II.
705–711
712Battle of Guadalete.
715–717Theodosius III.714–741Charles Martel, ‘Mayor of the Palace’.
717–740Leo ‘the Isaurian’.
732Battle of Poitiers.
751Dethronement of the Merovingians.
786–809Haroun al-Raschid, Caliph of Bagdad.768–814Charlemagne, King of the Franks.
780–797Emperor Constantine VI.
797–802Empress Irene.
814–840Louis I ‘the Pious’.
842Oath of Strasbourg.
843Treaty of Verdun.
Italy.Central and Northern Europe.
476Romulus Augustulus deposed, Odoacer becomes ‘Patrician’.
489Invasion of Italy by the Ostrogoths.480Landing of the Angles in Britain.
493–526Theoderic, King of Italy.
556Conquest of Italy by Justinian.
568Conquest of North Italy by the Lombards.563St. Columba’s Mission to Scotland.
577Victory of West Saxons at Dyrham.
590–604Pope Gregory ‘the Great’.597Mission of St. Augustine to England.
741–752Pope Zacharias.743Boniface becomes Archbishop of Mainz.
753End of Exarchate of Ravenna.
752–757Pope Stephen II.
772–795Pope Adrian I.
795–816Pope Leo III.
800Charlemagne crowned in Rome.
837–878Struggle between West Saxons and Danes.
843–876Louis ‘the German’.
858–867Pope Nicholas I.
Eastern Europe and Asia Minor.France and Spain.
873–867Rupture between Churches of East and West.880–888Charles ‘the Fat’, Emperor of the West.
867–886Emperor Basil I.885Siege of Paris by the Northmen.
909Foundation of Cluni.
898–929Charles ‘the Simple’.
987–996Hugh Capet, King of France.
1031Break up of Caliphate of Cordova.
1039‘Seljuk’ Turks conquer Caliphate of Bagdad.
1081–1118Emperor Alexius Commenus I.
1096–1099The First Crusade.
1099Capture of Jerusalem by Crusaders.
1118Order of Templars founded.
1138St. Bernard attacks Abelard.
1146–1149Second Crusade.1153Death of St. Bernard.
1187Saladin takes Jerusalem.1180–1223Philip II ‘Augustus’ of France.
1189–1192Third Crusade.
1202Fourth Crusade.
1204–1261Latin Empire of Constantinople.1204Philip II conquers Normandy.
1204–1260Empire of Nicea.1209Albigensian Crusade.
1212The Children’s Crusade.
1312Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa.
1214Battle of Bouvines.
1228–1229Crusade of Frederick II.1226–1270Louis IX of France (St. Louis).
1230Union of Leon and Castile.
1248–1256Seventh Crusade. St. Louis invades Egypt and Palestine.
Italy.Central and Northern Europe.
871–901Alfred ‘the Great’, King of Wessex.
878Peace of Wedmore.
911–918Emperor Conrad I.
919–936Emperor Henry I ‘the Fowler’.
936–973Emperor Otto I.
962Otto I crowned Emperor of Rome.955Battle of Augsburg.
973–983Emperor Otto II.
979–1016Ethelred II ‘the Rede-less’.
983–1002Emperor Otto III.
1003–1024Emperor Henry II.
1046Synod of Sutri.1017–1035Cnut—King of England.
1060–1091Norman Conquest of Sicily.1024–1039Emperor Conrad II.
1073–1085Pope Gregory VII (Hildebrand).1039–1056Emperor Henry III.
1056–1106Emperor Henry IV.
1077Humiliation of Henry IV at Canossa.1066Norman Conquest of England.
1088–1099Pope Urban II.
1106–1125Emperor Henry V.
1122Concordat of Worms.
1137–1152Emperor Conrad III.
1176Battle of Legnano.1153–1190Emperor Frederick I—‘Barbarossa’.
1183Peace of Constance.
1170Murder of Thomas Becket.
1198–1216Pope Innocent III.1190–1197Emperor Henry VI.
1210Innocent III; excommunication of Otto IV.
1216–1227Pope Honorius III.1215–1250Emperor Frederick II.
1215Magna Charta.
1223Foundation of the Franciscan Order.
1225Treaty of San Germano.
1227–1241Pope Gregory IX.1226Teutonic Order moves to Prussia.
1243–1254Pope Innocent IV.1256–1273The ‘Great Interregnum’.
1282The Sicilian Vespers.
Eastern Europe and Asia Minor.France and Spain.
1260–1282Emperor Michael Paleologus.
1270Eighth Crusade. St. Louis invades North Africa.1285–1314Philip IV ‘le Bel’ of France.
1291Fall of Acre.
1309–1376The Babylonish Captivity.
1312Suppression of the Templars.
1337Outbreak of the Hundred Years’ War.
1346Battle of Creci.
1347English capture Calais.
1347–1348The Black Death.
1356Battle of Poitiers.
1358The Jacquerie.
1360Treaty of Bretigni.
1367Battle of Navarette.
1370–1382King Louis ‘the Great’ of Hungary and Poland.
1386Union of Poland and Lithuania.
1389Battle of Kossovo.
1415Battle of Agincourt.
1419Murder of John ‘the Fearless’.
1420Treaty of Troyes.
1430Death of Jeanne d’Arc.
1440The Praguerie.
1448–1453Emperor Constantine XI.
1453Fall of Constantinople.1453End of the Hundred Years’ War.
1461–1483Louis XI of France.
1483–1498Charles VIII.
1492Columbus discovers America.
1498Vasco da Gama discovers Cape route to India.
Italy.Central and Northern Europe.
1294Celestine V.
1294–1303Boniface VIII.1273–1291Emperor Rudolf I.
1298–1308Emperor Albert I.
1309Independence of Swiss Forest Cantons recognized.
1314Battle of Bannockburn.
1315Battle of Morgarten.
1340Battle of Sluys.
1347–1354Rienzi founds the Holy Roman Republic.1347–1378Emperor Charles IV.
1356The Golden Bull.
1377Pope Gregory XI returns to Rome from Avignon.1370Treaty of Stralsund.
1378–1417The Great Schism.
1380Battle of Chioggia.1380Wycliffe translates the Bible.
1395Gian Galeazzo Visconti becomes Duke of Milan.1397The Union of Kalmar.
1410–1437Emperor Sigismund.
1410Battle of Tannenburg.
1414–1418Council of Constance.
1415Death of John Huss.
1417Election of Pope Martin V. End of the Schism.
1431Council of Basel.
1436John Gutenburg invents the Printing Press.
1438–1439Emperor Albert II.
1440–1493Emperor Frederick III.
1455–1485The Wars of the Roses.
1469–1492Lorenzo de Medici rules Florence.1476Battles of Granson and Morat.
1477Battle of Nanci.
1494Charles VIII invades Italy.

MEDIAEVAL GENEALOGIES

1. The English Kings from the Conquest until Henry VII