H. W. C. D.
Balliol College, Oxford,
Dec. 17, 1914.
CONTENTS
| PAGE | |
|---|---|
| CHAPTER I | |
| CASTILE IN THE FIFTEENTH CENTURY | [1] |
| CHAPTER II | |
| THE REIGN OF HENRY IV.: MISGOVERNMENT. 1454–1463 | [22] |
| CHAPTER III | |
| THE REIGN OF HENRY IV.: CIVIL WAR AND ANARCHY. 1464–1474 | [51] |
| CHAPTER IV | |
| ACCESSION OF ISABEL: THE PORTUGUESE WAR. 1475–1479 | [88] |
| CHAPTER V | |
| ORGANIZATION AND REFORM | [121] |
| CHAPTER VI | |
| THE MOORISH WAR. 1481–1483 | [158] |
| CHAPTER VII | |
| THE FALL OF GRANADA: THE MOORISH WAR. 1484–1492 | [185] |
| CHAPTER VIII | |
| THE INQUISITION | [231] |
| CHAPTER IX | |
| THE EXPULSION OF THE JEWS AND MUDEJARES | [263] |
| CHAPTER X | |
| CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS | [285] |
| CHAPTER XI | |
| ISABEL AND HER CHILDREN | [319] |
| CHAPTER XII | |
| THE ITALIAN WARS. 1494–1504 | [346] |
| CHAPTER XIII | |
| CASTILIAN LITERATURE | [387] |
| APPENDIX I. HOUSE OF TRASTAMARA IN CASTILE AND ARAGON | [424] |
| APPENDIX II. PRINCIPAL AUTHORITIES FOR THE LIFE AND TIMES OF ISABEL OF CASTILE | [425] |
| Index | [427] |
ILLUSTRATIONS
| PAGE | ||
|---|---|---|
| ISABEL OF CASTILE | [Frontispiece] | |
| After a painting in the Prado Gallery attributed to Miguel Zittoz. | ||
| From Torquemada and the Spanish Inquisition, by Rafael Sabatini. | ||
| HENRY IV | [22] | |
| From Boletin de la Real Academia de la Historia, vol. lxii. | ||
| From a photograph by Hauser and Menet. | ||
| ALFONSO V. OF ARAGON | [24] | |
| From Iconografia Española, by Valentin Carderera y Solano. | ||
| JUAN PACHECO, MARQUIS OF VILLENA | [28] | |
| From Iconografia Española, by Valentin Carderera y Solano. | ||
| ALFONSO, BROTHER OF ISABEL OF CASTILE | [66] | |
| From Iconografia Española, by Valentin Carderera y Solano. | ||
| FERDINAND OF ARAGON | [90] | |
| From Iconografia Española, by Valentin Carderera y Solano. | ||
| TOLEDO, LA PUERTA DEL SOL | [106] | |
| From a photograph by Anderson, Rome. | ||
| TOLEDO, CHURCH OF SAN JUAN DE LOS REYES | [110] | |
| From a photograph by Anderson, Rome. | ||
| SEGOVIA, THE ALCAZAR | [114] | |
| From a photograph by Lacoste, Madrid. | ||
| PRINCE JOHN, SON OF FERDINAND AND ISABEL (FUNERAL EFFIGY) | [116] | |
| From Iconografia Española, by Valentin Carderera y Solano. | ||
| JOANNA “LA BELTRANEJA” | [118] | |
| From Sitges’ Enrique IV. y la Excelente Señora. | ||
| SPANISH HALBERDIER, FIFTEENTH CENTURY | [162] | |
| From Spanish Arms and Armour. | ||
| Reproduced by courtesy of the author, Mr. A. F. Calvert. | ||
| SPANISH CROSSBOWMAN, FIFTEENTH CENTURY | [166] | |
| From Spanish Arms and Armour. | ||
| Reproduced by courtesy of the author, Mr. A. F. Calvert. | ||
| ARMS BELONGING TO BOABDIL | [172] | |
| From Lafuente’s Historia General De España, vol. vii. | ||
| ALHAMBRA, COURT OF LIONS | [178] | |
| From a photograph by Anderson, Rome. | ||
| DOUBLE BREECH-LOADING CANNON, IN BRONZE | [192] | |
| From Spanish Arms and Armour. | ||
| Reproduced by courtesy of the author, Mr. A. F. Calvert. | ||
| RONDA, THE TAJO OR CHASM | [200] | |
| From a photograph by Lacoste, Madrid. | ||
| MALAGA TO-DAY | [214] | |
| From a photograph by Lacoste, Madrid. | ||
| BOABDIL, LAST KING OF GRANADA | [222] | |
| From Altamira’s Historia de España. | ||
| ALHAMBRA, PATIO DE L’ALBERCA | [226] | |
| From a photograph by Anderson, Rome. | ||
| THE CARDINAL OF SPAIN, DON PEDRO GONSÁLEZ DE MENDOZA | [234] | |
| From Historia de la Villa y Corte de Madrid, by Amador de los Rios. | ||
| XIMINES DE CISNEROS | [242] | |
| From Iconografia Española, by Valentin Carderera y Solano. | ||
| TORQUEMADA | [258] | |
| After a painting attributed to Miguel Zittoz. | ||
| From Torquemada and the Spanish Inquisition. | ||
| Reproduced by kind permission of the author, Mr. Rafael Sabatini. | ||
| TOMB OF FRANCISCO RAMIREZ (“EL ARTILLERO”) | [282] | |
| From Historia de la Villa y Corte de Madrid, by Amador de los Rios. | ||
| CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS | [286] | |
| From Christopher Columbus, by Washington Irving. | ||
| A CARAVEL UNDER SAIL | [298] | |
| From Christopher Columbus, by Washington Irving. | ||
| ISABEL OF CASTILE | [322] | |
| Carved wooden statue from the Cathedral at Granada. | ||
| From A Queen of Queens, by Christopher Hare, published by Messrs. Harper. | ||
| TOMB OF FERDINAND AND ISABEL | [330] | |
| From Nervo’s Isabelle La Catholique. | ||
| Reproduced by permission of Messrs. Smith, Elder & Co., publishers of translated edition. | ||
| AVILA, TOMB OF PRINCE JOHN, SON OF FERDINAND AND ISABEL | [334] | |
| From a photograph by Lacoste, Madrid. | ||
| AVILA, THE CATHEDRAL | [336] | |
| From a photograph by Hauser and Menet. | ||
| ISABEL, QUEEN OF PORTUGAL, ELDEST DAUGHTER OF FERDINAND AND ISABEL | [338] | |
| From Iconografia Española, by Valentin Carderera y Solano. | ||
| AVILA FROM BEYOND THE CITY WALLS | [344] | |
| From a photograph by Lacoste, Madrid. | ||
| A KING-AT-ARMS | [364] | |
| From Spanish Arms and Armour. | ||
| Reproduced by courtesy of the author, Mr. A. F. Calvert. | ||
| SPANISH MAN-AT-ARMS, FIFTEENTH CENTURY | [368] | |
| From Spanish Arms and Armour. | ||
| Reproduced by courtesy of the author, Mr. A. F. Calvert. | ||
| TILTING ARMOUR OF PHILIP THE FAIR | [376] | |
| From Spanish Arms and Armour. | ||
| Reproduced by courtesy of the author, Mr. A. F. Calvert. | ||
| JOANNA “THE MAD,” DAUGHTER OF QUEEN ISABEL | [380] | |
| From Historia de la Villa y Corte de Madrid, by Amador de los Rios. | ||
| CODICIL TO ISABEL’s WILL, WITH HER SIGNATURE | [384] | |
| From Lafuente’s Historia General De España, vol. vii. | ||
| FERDINAND OF ARAGON | [388] | |
| Carved wooden statue from the Cathedral at Malaga. | ||
| GRANADA CATHEDRAL, ROYAL CHAPEL, TOMB OF FERDINAND AND ISABEL | [392] | |
| From a photograph by Lacoste, Madrid. | ||
| BURGOS CATHEDRAL | [396] | |
| From a photograph by Lacoste, Madrid. | ||
| COINS, CATHOLIC KINGS | [402] | |
| From Lafuente’s Historia General De España, vol. vii. | ||
| COINS, CATHOLIC KINGS | [404] | |
| From Lafuente’s Historia General De España, vol. vii. | ||
| COINS, CATHOLIC KINGS | [406] | |
| From Lafuente’s Historia General De España, vol. vii. | ||
| COINS, FERDINAND | [408] | |
| From Lafuente’s Historia General De España, vol. vii. | ||
| FAÇADE OF SAN PABLO AT VALLADOLID | [420] | |
| From a photograph by Lacoste, Madrid. | ||
| MAP | [AT END] | |
ISABEL OF CASTILE
CHAPTER I
CASTILE IN THE FIFTEENTH CENTURY
There are some characters in history, whose reputation for heroism is beyond reproach in the eyes of the general public. There are others, however, whose claims to glory are ardently contested by posterity, and none more than Isabel of Castile, in whose case ordinary differences of opinion have been fanned by that most uncompromising of all foes to a fair estimate, religious prejudice. Thus the Catholic, while deploring the extreme severity of the methods employed for the suppression of heresy, would yet look on her championship of the Catholic Faith as her chief claim to the admiration of mankind. The Protestant on the other hand, while acknowledging the glories of the Conquest of Granada and the Discovery of the New World, would weigh them light in the balance against the fires and tortures of the Inquisition and the ruthless expulsion of the Jews.