—In Spain: Alonzo Cano, Montañes, Pedro de Mena, Zarcillo.
17th and 18th Century
Some of the names just mentioned are those of 17th century artists. But the rococo character of the period is best seen in Italy: see the articles Bernini, Algardi, and, for France, Girardon and Puget. With the 18th century came a classical revival for which the great names are Canova and Thorwaldsen: see the articles on these sculptors, that on Canova being by W. M. Rossetti. See also the articles on Thorwaldsen’s followers, Sergel, Byström and Fogelberg. The more important articles on French sculpture in this period are Pigalle and Houdon, the latter known to Americans by his portraits of our Revolutionary worthies. For English sculpture in the 17th and 18th centuries see: Nicholas Stone, Roubiliac, by M. H. Spielmann, Scheemakers, Nollekens, John Bacon, and, possibly most important, John Flaxman, by Sir Sidney Colvin. For Germany: Andreas Schlüter.
19th Century and Modern Schools
On the 19th century in Germany see the articles: Schadow, Rauch, Rietschel, Dannecker, Schwanthaler, and marking a sharp reaction, Reinhold Begas, and the younger men, known also as painters, Franz Stuck and Max Klinger.
On modern British sculpture see the articles: John Gibson, E. H. Baily, Thomas Banks, Sir Richard Westmacott, and Alfred Stevens; and, for the last thirty years, Jules Dalou, Lord Leighton, better known as a painter, E. Onslow Ford and Alfred Gilbert, the most influential and important factors in the awakening, and Thomas Woolner, Marochetti, Sir Edwin Landseer, Sir J. E. Boehm, J. H. Foley, H. H. Armstead, Thomas Brock, W. Hamo Thornycroft, John M. Swan, Harry Bates, G. F. Watts. Scores of others are criticized and their work summarized on pp. 501–508 in the article Sculpture.
France
The 19th century in France opened with a pseudo-Roman school, and among the names of this period are Pradier, Rude, P. J. David, Etex, and Carpeaux and Barye, by Henri Frantz, who mark a transition. For the more modern period see Guillaume, Dubois, Falguière, Mercié, Frémiet, Gustave Crauck, Dalou, Rodin.
Other European Countries
In addition to the discussion of modern Belgian sculptors in the section on Belgium of the article Sculpture there are separate articles on Paul de Vigne, Van der Stappen, Jef Lambeaux, Julien Dillens, and Constantin Meunier. For Italian sculpture in the 19th century see Bartolini, and the summary in the article Sculpture (Vol. 24, p. 513). Separate articles on Spanish sculptors are Jose Alvarez and Manuel Alvarez.