Indo-European: on which see part II of the article Philology and the article Indo-European Languages (Vol. 14, p. 495; equivalent to 20 pages of this Guide), by Prof. Peter Giles,—especially interesting for the attempt on a linguistic basis to reconstruct the original civilization and to discover the home of the ancestors of this language-stock which now occupies nearly all of Europe and is so intimately connected with the civilization of the last 2500 years. See:
Greek Language (Vol. 12, p. 496), by Professor Giles, and articles Homer (Vol. 13, p. 626); Dorians (Vol. 8, p. 423), etc.; but the main treatment of different Greek dialects is in the article Greek Language (Vol. 12, p. 496), to which the student should refer for Arcadian and Cyprian, Aeolic, Ionic-Attic, and Doric dialects.
Latin Language (Vol. 16, p. 244), by Dr. A. S. Wilkins, late professor of Latin, Owens College, Manchester, and Dr. Robert S. Conway, professor of Latin, University of Manchester, with a peculiarly valuable summary of The Language as Recorded, which is a linguistic critique of the style and vocabulary of the great Roman authors and a comparison (p. 253) of Latin and Greek prose. And see the articles on the dialects of ancient Italy: Italy, Ancient Languages and People; Etruria, Language; Liguria, Philology; Siculi; Pompeii, Oscan Inscriptions; Sabini; Falisci; Volsci; Osca Lingua; Iguvium; Brutii; Umbria; Picenum; Samnites, etc., by Prof. Conway, which will serve the student as a foundation for this subject, with more recent revision of all that is known than there is in Prof. Conway’s books, in the works of C. D. Buck, or in other authorities.
Romance Languages
For the descendants of Latin, the article Romance Languages (Vol. 23, p. 504), by Dr. Wilhelm Meyer-Lübke, Professor of romance philology in the University of Vienna; and the following separate articles:
Italian Language (Vol. 14, p. 888), by Graziadio I. Ascoli, professor of comparative grammar at the University of Milan, and Carlo Salvioni, professor of Romance languages in the same university, with a valuable summary of the dialects of modern Italy.
French Language (Vol. 11, p. 103), by Henry Nicol and Paul Meyer, professor at the Collège de France; particularly interesting because treated comparatively with constant reference to English and French influence on English.
Provençal Languages (Vol. 22, p. 491), by Prof. Paul Meyer.
Spain: Language (Vol. 25, p. 573), by Alfred Morel-Fatio, professor of Romance languages at the Collège de France, and James Fitzmaurice-Kelly, professor of Spanish, Liverpool University; describing the Catalan as well as the Castilian and the Portuguese.
Rumania: Language (Vol. 23, p. 843).