The part of the article English History dealing with the Hanoverian Kings, 1714–1793 (Vol. 9, pp. 544–551) and that on the Revolutionary epoch, the reaction and the triumph of reform, 1793–1837 (pp. 551–558) are respectively by S. R. Gardiner and W. Alison Phillips. They should be supplemented by S. R. Gardiner’s articles on the four Georges (Vol. 11, pp. 737–745); South Sea Bubble (Vol. 25, p. 515); Stanhope, 1st Earl (Vol. 25, p. 773); Walpole, Horatio (Vol. 28, p. 288); Whig and Tory (Vol. 28, p. 588); Townshend, Charles (Vol. 27, p. 111); Caroline (Vol. 5, p. 380); Pelham, Henry (Vol. 21, p. 67); Charles Edward, “the Young Pretender” (Vol. 5, p. 940), by H. M. Vaughan, author of The Last of the Royal Stuarts; Methodism (Vol. 18, p. 293); Wesley, John (Vol. 28, p. 527); Newcastle, Thomas Pelham Holles, Duke of (Vol. 19, p. 471); Chatham, William Pitt, 1st Earl of (Vol. 6, p. 1); Seven Years’ War (Vol. 24, p. 715) and, for engagements and commanders in the war, see the chapter in this Guide For Army Officers; India, History (Vol. 14, especially pp. 407–409); Canada, History (Vol. 5, especially p. 158); Bute, 3rd Earl of (Vol. 4, p. 877); Grenville, George (Vol. 12, p. 580); Rockingham, Marquess of (Vol. 23, p. 434); Guilford, 2nd Earl, Lord North (Vol. 12, p. 691); Wilkes, John (Vol. 28, p. 642); Burke, Edmund (Vol. 4, p. 824), by John Morley; Fox, Charles James (Vol. 10, p. 761); Gordon, Lord George (Vol. 12, p. 253); Lansdowne, Marquess of, Lord Shelburne (Vol. 16, p. 184); Portland, 3rd Duke (Vol. 22, p. 119); Pitt, William (Vol. 21, p. 667); French Revolutionary Wars (Vol. 11, p. 171), Napoleonic Campaigns (Vol. 19, p. 216) and, for leaders and engagements in these wars, in the Peninsular War, and in the American War for Independence, see the chapter in this Guide For Army Officers; Caroline Amelia Augusta (Vol. 5, p. 380); Wellesley, Marquess (Vol. 28, p. 506); Londonderry, Marquess of, Castlereagh (Vol. 16, p. 969); Canning, George (Vol. 5, p. 186); Corn Laws (Vol. 7, p. 174); Cobbett, William (Vol. 6, p. 606); Wellington, Duke of (Vol. 28, p. 507); William IV. (Vol. 28, p. 664); Grey, 2nd Earl (Vol. 12, p. 586); Brougham, Lord (Vol. 4, p. 652); Parliament (Vol. 20, especially p. 843); Melbourne, 2nd Viscount (Vol. 18, p. 90); Peel, Sir Robert (Vol. 21, p. 40).

Victoria

On the reign of Victoria the section of the article English History (Vol. 9, pp. 558–582) gives a very full treatment, which should be supplemented by the study of such articles as: Victoria (Vol. 28, p. 28), by Hugh Chisholm, editor-in-chief of the Encyclopaedia Britannica; Albert (Vol. 1, p. 495), by the same author; Palmerston (Vol. 20, p. 645); Russell, 1st Earl (Vol. 23, p. 863); O’Brien, William Smith (Vol. 19, p. 953); Chartism (Vol. 5, p. 953); Derby, 14th Earl (Vol. 8, p. 66); Crimean War (Vol. 7, p. 450); “Alabama” Arbitration (Vol. 1, p. 464); Bright, John (Vol. 4, p. 567); Cobden, Richard (Vol. 6, p. 607); Beaconsfield (Vol. 3, p. 563); Gladstone, W. E. (Vol. 12, p. 66), by G. W. E. Russell, biographer of Gladstone; Salisbury (Vol. 24, p. 72); Transvaal, History (Vol. 27, p. 193); Parnell, C. S. (Vol. 20, p. 854); Gordon, C. G. (Vol. 11, p. 249); Rosebery (Vol. 23, p. 731); Rhodes, C. J. (Vol. 23, p. 254).

Edward VII George V

For the years since Victoria’s death see the articles: Edward VII. (Vol. 8, p. 997) and George V. (Vol. 11, p. 745), and the articles on recent political leaders: Balfour (Vol. 3, p. 250); Chamberlain (Vol. 5, p. 813); Campbell-Bannerman (Vol. 5, p. 131); Asquith (Vol. 2, p. 769); and Lloyd George (Vol. 16, p. 832); and on the reform of the House of Lords Parliament (Vol. 20, especially pp. 845–847) and Representation (Vol. 23, especially pp. 111–113).

CHAPTER XLVI
FRENCH HISTORY

The article France in the Encyclopaedia Britannica includes a section on History (Vol. 10, pp. 801–906) equivalent to 320 pages of this Guide, of which the first part, down to 1870, is by Paul Wiriath, director of the École Supérieure Pratique de Commerce et d’Industrie, Paris, and the part since 1870 is by J. E. C. Bodley, author of France, etc. Opposite page 802 are four coloured historical maps showing France at the end of the 10th, 13th and 14th centuries, and the changes in the eastern frontier from 1598 to 1789. The historical part of the article closes with a historiographic section, or critical summary of French historical writing, by Charles Bémont of the University of Paris.

Supplementing this main treatment, see:

Early History of France

On prehistoric and Roman France, Gaul (Vol. 11, p. 533), by Prof. F. J. Haverfield, Oxford, the well-known authority on Roman occupation of Britain and Gaul; Bibracte, Alesia, Itius Portus, Druidism, and, on Caesar’s campaigns, Caesar, Julius; and, on Roman remains, Arles, Nîmes, Orange, Architecture, Aqueduct, and Amphitheatre.