Women of Ancient Times:—Acca Larentia, Lucretia, Agrippina, Artemisia, Aspasia, Cleopatra, Cornelia, Faustina, Messallina, Virginia, Erinna, Corinna, Sappho, Hypatia, Zenobia.
Heroines of Fiction in History: compare Kingsley’s Hypatia with the real woman, Ware’s Zenobia with the queen as she is represented by a historian in the Britannica; the women of Dumas and of Scott in their historical novels and their originals as seen in the Britannica, for instance Mary Queen of Scots as portrayed by Sir Walter in The Abbot and by Swinburne in the Britannica, Elizabeth and Amy Robsart in Kenilworth and in the Britannica, Catherine de’ Medici in Chicot the Jester and in fact; or the women of Shakespeare’s historical plays as compared with their true place in history.
Women in American political reform:—Amelia B. Bloomer, Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Lucretia Mott and Lucy Blackwell Stone.
The following is a partial list of articles in the Britannica dealing with Women, who may, for convenience, be booked under the broad head of History as distinct from Literature, the Arts and Science:—
- Acca Larentia
- Accoramboni, Vittoria
- Acland, Lady Harriett
- Adelaide
- Agnes of Meran
- Agreda, Abbess of
- Agrippina
- d’Aiguillon, Duchesse
- Albany, Louise, countess of
- Alice, Princess
- Amalasuntha
- Anna Amalia of Saxe-Weimar
- Anna Leopoldovna
- Anne of Brittany
- Anne of Cleves
- Anne of Denmark
- Anne of England
- Anne of France
- Anne (of Russia)
- Arria
- Arsinoë
- Artemisia
- Aspasia
- Barton, Elizabeth
- Berenice
- Blanche of Castile
- Boadicea
- Boleyn, Anne
- Borgia, Lucrezia
- Brunhilda
- Cappello, Bianca
- Caroline, Amelia Augusta
- Caroline of England
- Castro, Inez de
- Catherine of Aragon
- Catherine of Braganza
- Catherine de’ Medici
- Catherine I and II (Russia)
- Catherine of Valois
- Châteauneuf, La Belle
- Christina, Maria
- Christina of Sweden
- Clarke, Mary Anne
- Cleveland, Duchess of
- Cleopatra
- Clotilda, St.
- Colonna, Vittoria
- Corday, Charlotte
- Cornelia
- Cornaro, Caterina
- Diane de France
- Diane de Poitiers
- Du Barry
- Eaton, Margaret O’Neill
- Eleanor of Aquitaine
- Elizabeth of Austria
- Elizabeth (Carmen Sylva)
- Elizabeth, Electress Palatine
- Elizabeth of England
- Elizabeth (princess)
- Elizabeth of France
- Elizabeth Petrovna
- Este, Beatrice d’
- Estrées, Gabrielle d’
- Etampes, Duchesse d’
- Eudocia
- Eudoxia
- Eugénie
- Euphrosyne
- Elizabeth Farnese
- Faustina
- Feuchères, Baronne de
- Fredegond
- Gilbert, M. D. E. R. (“Lola Montez”)
- Godiva
- Gontaut, Duchesse de
- Grey, Lady Jane
- Hachette, Jeanne
- Henrietta Maria of England
- Howard, Catherine
- Ida of Bernicia
- Irene
- Isabella of Bavaria
- Isabella of Castile
- Isabella of Hainaut
- Isabella II of Spain
- Jacoba
- Joan of Arc
- Joan (Pope)
- Joanna the Mad
- Joanna of Naples
- Josephine
- Junot, Laure
- Kingston, Elizabeth, Duchess of
- La Fayette, Louise de
- Lamballe, Princesse de
- La Sablière, Marguerite de
- La Vallière, Louise de
- Lenclos, Ninon de
- Lennox, Countess of
- Lisle, Alice
- Livia Drusilla
- Longueville, Duchesse de
- Louise of Prussia
- Louise of Savoy
- Lucretia
- Macdonald, Flora
- Maintenon, Mme. de
- Maine, Duchesse du
- Mailly, Comtesse de
- Margaret of Austria
- Margaret of Denmark
- Margaret Maultasch
- Margaret (Maid of Norway)
- Margaret of Scotland, St.
- Margaret of Scotland
- Maria Stella
- Marie Antoinette
- Marie Leszczynska
- Marie Louise
- Marie de’ Medici
- Marie Amelie Thérèse
- Marie Thérèse
- Matilda of Tuscany
- Mary of Burgundy
- Mary I and II of England
- Mary of Lorraine
- Mary of Modena
- Mary of Orange
- Mary, Queen of Scots
- Masham, Lady
- Matilda
- Messallina
- Mignot, Claudine
- Marquise de Montespan
- Marquise de Montesson
- Montpensier, Duchesse de
- Octavia
- Olga
- Orkney, Countess of
- Orleans, Henrietta of
- Parr, Catherine
- Perrers, Alice
- Philippa of Hainaut
- Phryne
- Pompadour, Marquise de
- Portsmouth, Duchess of
- Prie, Marquise de
- Radegunda, St.
- Rich, Penelope
- Robsart, Amy
- Rosamond (“The Fair”)
- Rothelin, Marquise de
- Roxana
- Semiramis
- Serres, Olivia
- Sforza, Caterina
- Shore, Jane
- Snell, Hannah
- Sophia Aleksyeevna
- Sophia of Hanover
- Sophia Dorothea of Hanover
- Sorel, Agnes
- Stanhope, Lady Hester
- Stuart, Arabella
- Swynford, Catherine
- Talbot, Mary Anne
- Tanaquil
- Tarpeia
- Theodora
- Theophano
- Ursins, Princess des
- Victoria
- Virginia
- Walter, Lucy
- Wilhelmina
- Zenobia
Quite as long and much more impressive is the list of women who have produced literature—excluding the heroines of mythology and literature—on whom there are separate articles in the Encyclopaedia Britannica.
- Ackermann, Louise
- Adam, Juliette
- Agoult, Comtesse d’
- Aguilar, Grace
- Aisse, Mlle.
- Alcott, Louisa May
- Anna Commena
- Arnim, Elisabeth von
- Aulnoy, Baronne d’
- Austen, Jane
- Austin, Sarah
- Baillie, Lady Grizel
- Baillie, Joanna
- Bartauld, Lady Anne
- Barnard, Anna Letitia
- Bashkirtseff, Maria
- Behn, Aphra
- Bekker, Elizabeth
- Bernauer, Agnes
- Berners, Juliana
- Blamire, Susanna
- Blessington, Marguerite, Countess of
- Blind, Mathilde
- Bosboom-Toussaint, Anna
- Braddon, Mary Elizabeth
- Bremer, Frederika
- Brontë, Charlotte and Emily
- Brooke, Frances
- Browning, Elizabeth Barrett
- Brunton, Mary
- Burnett, Frances E. Hodgson
- Carter, Elizabeth
- Cary, Alice and Phoebe
- Cenci, Beatrice
- Centlivre, Susanna
- Charrière, Agnes de
- Child, Lydia Maria
- Cockburn, Alicia
- Coleridge, Sara
- Colet, Louise
- Cook, Eliza
- Cooke, Rose Terry
- Corelli, Marie
- Corinna
- Cork, Mary, countess of
- Cottin, Marie
- Cowley, Hannah
- Craddock, Charles Egbert
- Craigie, Pearl (“John Oliver Hobbes”)
- Craik, Dinah Maria
- Craven, Pauline
- D’Arblay, Frances
- Dashkov, Catherina
- Deffand, Marquise du
- Delany, Mary Granville
- Dickinson, Anna Elizabeth
- Droste-Hülshoff, Freiin von
- Duff-Gordon, Lucie
- Edgeworth, Maria
- Edgren-Leffler, Anne Charlotte
- Edwards, Amelia Ann Blandford
- Eliot, George
- Engelbrechtsdatter, Dorthe
- Épinay, Louise d’
- Erinna
- Ewing, Juliana
- Ferrier, Susan E.
- Flygare-Carlén, Emilie
- Foote, Mary Hallock
- Fuller, Margaret
- Fullerton, Lady
- Gaskell, Elizabeth Cleghorn
- Gay, Marie F. S.
- Genlis, Comtesse de
- Girardin, Delphine de
- Godwin, Mary Wollstonecraft
- Gore, Catherine G. F.
- Gyllembourg-Ehrensvärd, Baroness
- Gyp
- Hahn-Hahn, Ida von
- Havergal, Frances Ridley
- Hamilton, Elizabeth
- Haywood, Eliza
- Hemans, Felicia Dorothea
- Houdetot, Comtesse de
- Howe, Julia Ward
- Hrosvitha
- Hypatia
- Inchbald, Elizabeth
- Ingelow, Jean
- Jackson, Helen Maria (“H. H.”)
- Jameson, Anna Brownell
- Jewett, Sarah Orne
- Kavanagh, Julia
- Krüdener, Baroness von
- Lamb, Mary
- Lazarus, Emma
- Lee, Sophia
- Levy, Amy
- Lewald, Fanny
- Lyall, Edna
- Malet, Lucas
- Marguerite de Valois
- Marie de France
- Markham, Mrs.
- Martineau, Harriet
- Meynell, Alice C.
- Mitford, Mary Russell
- Molesworth, Mary Louise
- Monk, Maria
- Montagu, Elizabeth R.
- Montagu, Mary Wortley
- More, Hannah
- Morgan, Lady Sydney
- Moulton, Louise Chandler
- Mundt, Klara (Luise Mühlbach)
- Naden, Constance
- Nairne, Baroness
- Negri, Ada
- Norton, Caroline E. O.
- Oliphant, Margaret
- Opie, Amelia
- Orzeszko, Eliza
- Ouida
- Pardoe, Julia
- Pardo-Bazan, Emilia
- Philips, Katharine
- Piozzi, Hester Lynch
- Pisan, Christine de
- Ploennies, Luise von
- Porter, Jane
- Praxilla
- Radcliffe, Ann
- Reeve, Clara
- Rossetti, Christine
- Sablé, Marquise de
- Sand, George
- Sappho
- Schelling, Karoline
- Schreiber, Charlotte Elizabeth
- Scudéry, Madeleine de
- Serao, Matilda
- Sévigné, Marquise de
- Seward, Anna
- Sherwood, Mary Martha
- Sigourney, Lydia H.
- Smith, Charlotte
- Southworth, Emma
- Staal, Baronne de
- Stael, Mme. de
- Steele, Flora Annie
- Stein, Charlotte von
- Stowe, Harriet Beecher
- Strickland, Agnes
- Tautphoeus, Baroness von
- Taylor, Ann and Jane
- Thaxter, Celia
- Tighe, Mary
- Tucker, Charlotte Maria
- Ward, Elizabeth Stuart Phelps
- Ward, Mrs. Humphry
- Wardlaw, Lady
- Wiggin, Kate Douglas
- Wilkins, Mary E.
- Winchelsea, Countess of
- Wood, Mrs. Henry
- Wordsworth, Dorothy
- Yonge, Charlotte Mary
Although women have appeared on the stage only in the last two centuries the list of actresses and singers on whom there are articles in the Britannica is a long one. A partial list in alphabetical order follows:
- Abbott, Emma
- Abington, Frances
- Albani, Mme.
- Albert, Mme.
- Alboni, Marietta
- Anderson, Mary
- Ashwell, Lena
- Bartet, Jeanne Julia
- Bernhardt, Sarah
- Birch-Pfeiffer, Charlotte
- Bracegirdle, Anne
- Campbell, Beatrice Stella
- Calvé, Emma
- Cary, Anna Louise
- Celeste, Mme.
- Chaminade, Cécile
- Clairon, La
- Clive, Catherine
- Coghlan, Rose
- Cushman, Charlotte
- Després, Suzanne
- Drew, Louisa Lane
- Dumesnil, Marie
- Duse, Eleanora
- Elssler, Fanny
- Farren, Elizabeth
- Faucit, Helena
- Félix, Lia
- Fenton, Lavinia
- Fiske, Minnie Maddern
- Gilbert, Ann
- Grisi, Giulia
- Guilbert, Yvette
- Guimard, Marie Madeleine
- Gwyn, Nell
- Hading, Jane
- Horton, Christiana
- Jordan, Dorothea
- Keeley, Mary Anne
- Kellogg, Clara Louise
- Keene, Laura
- Klafsky, Katharina
- Lacy, Harriette Deborah
- Langtry, Lillie
- Lecouvreur, Adrienne
- Lind, Jenny
- Mara, Gertrude E.
- Marlowe, Julia
- Mars, Mlle.
- Melba
- Menken, Adah Isaacs
- Modjeska, Helena
- Morris, Clara
- Neilson, Adelaide
- Nethersole, Olga
- Nisbett, Louisa C.
- Nordica, Lilian
- Oldfield, Anne
- O’Neill, Eliza
- Patey, Janet Monach
- Philips, Adelaide
- Pope, Jane
- Porter, Mary
- Raabe, Hedwig
- Rachel
- Raucourt, Mlle.
- Rehan, Ada
- Réjane, Gabrielle
- Ristori, Adelaide
- Robinson, Mary
- Sacher, Rosa
- Sainton-Dobly, C. H.
- Schröder, Sophie
- Schröder-Devrient, Wilhelmine
- Seebach, Marie
- Siddons, Sarah
- Smithson, Henrietta C.
- Sterling, Antoinette
- Sterling, Fanny
- Taglioni
- Tempest, Marie
- Terry, Ellen
- Tietjens, Thérèse
- Verbruggen, Susanna
- Vestris, Lucia Elizabeth
- Vincent, Mary Ann
- Vokes, Rosina
- Woffington, Peg
- Yates, Mary Ann