Parts of a type—face, stem, serif, beard, shoulder, shank, belly, back, counter, nick, kern, feet, burr and batter.
Species of letter—short, ascending, descending, long, superior, inferior, fat-faced, lean-faced, bastard.
Sizes: classification by names and by point-system.
Varieties of face: Roman, sanserifs or grotesques; black; script; old style; Caslon; influence of William Morris and the Kelmscott Press; Vale Press.
Manufacture of type: type metal; punch, drive and matrix (with illustrations); type-casting—by hand and machine; inventions of Bruce, Barth, Wicks, with description and picture of the Wicks rotary type-casting machine.
Type-setting by hand. Type case, with illustration. Composition, justifying. Imposition. Signatures. Forme, quoin, side-stick, foot-stick, shooting-stick. Distributing.
Type-setting by machine. Linotype and Monotype. Earlier machines—the Paige (in which Mark Twain lost a fortune). Distributing machines—Delcambre, Fraser, Empire, Dow, Thorne, Simplex (with cut). Linotype—with diagrams and description. Monotype (the machine used for the Encyclopaedia Britannica) with illustrations of perforated strip.
Electrotyping and Stereotyping. Shells. Turtle, Flong. Wood’s Autoplate process. See also the articles Electrotyping (Vol. 9, p. 252) and Electroplating (Vol. 9, p. 237).
The reader should next turn to the articles Engraving (Vol. 9, p. 645), Line-Engraving (Vol. 16, p. 721), Wood-Engraving (Vol. 28, p. 798)—special reference to America where this method is still used for some book and magazine illustration—to Lithography (Vol. 16, p. 785) including offset printing; and Process (Vol. 22, p. 408), for further information in regard to “printing” apart from (and before) actual press work. The last-named of these articles is by Edwin Bale, art director of Cassell & Company, Ltd.; it would occupy about 20 pages of this Guide; and it is illustrated by a plate showing the three-colour process. The article describes:
(1)—relief processes, line blocks, swelled gelatin process, typographic etching, halftone processes, three colour blocks, colour filters;